--- category: literaturenote citekey: roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport title: RoadSafetyInjuries18CountriesHarvardReport authors: "" zotero_storage: FVK5JRHC collections: doktoritöö / HLO folder: 001_artiklid/Road Safety Indicators status: converted --- ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_0_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_0_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_0_Picture_2.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_0_Picture_3.jpeg) # **ROAD INJURIES IN 18 COUNTRIES** ! ! " - *Department of Global Health and Population Harvard School of Public Health* ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_2_Picture_4.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_2_Picture_5.jpeg) | Chapter 2 | 75;























































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| | | | | | ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_5_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_6_Picture_0.jpeg) **Chapter 1: Project Overview** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_8_Figure_3.jpeg) ## .GF% \* \$ ( ! +% ! % ! 6 '6 7 5& 4 6 - 6 " ! (! \$ - 5"NK\$E 6 @ 6@ 6 6 ! &9 ! ! 3&# " ! %1 % \$ ! ! \$ & ! " ! !\$ \$ ! \$ ( ! \$ & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_11_Figure_2.jpeg) **FIGURE 2: Road injury deaths rates in 18 countries analyzed in this project compared with Sweden, UK, and the 2: Road injury deaths rates in 18 countries analyzed in this project compared with Sweden, UK, and Netherlands-**/;79A'7;'4 547>'4- 54'==5'(- .5<40 . 9?989<'= 54B547; 54'7';5<4 '?A75;- ' 3 ( ( ( ( 1 ( % \$ ( & ( % " 1 \$ ! /2 ! ! \$ %\$ & ( ! !! " & ' \$ ! " ( ( ! " & 6 @ 7 6- 6 \$ &' ( ! " \$ \$&\* ( ( ! " ( ! " \$ \$ ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_12_Figure_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_17_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_18_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Chapter 2 Methods** 66' 7 5+ -- 4 6 !% % ! \$ ()! & & 6-@ @ 7 4 \* @ -6 S7 - 6 6 6 6 7 ! =& &% + + & > - 6 @ 5+ @ 7 - ) \$! &; + ( ! \$% ! 6 @\* - - - \* @ 4766 %\$ ! &. ( ( \$ \$\$ % ()" & ## " FK) ) # \$/ 7 6 4 7 @ 66@ 6 76 6@ 5"(#'(6\$ 6 4 7 6 6 4\* 6 4 5"(.\$ &6 ( R 7 & | Concept | Concept Definition | |-------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | What is a "Road
Traffic Crash?" | A road traffic crash is an event that produces injury and/or property damage,
involves a vehicle in transport, and occurs on a road or while the vehicle is still in
motion after running off the road. Note the use of the term "crash" instead of
"accident." | | What is a "Road?" | A road is the entire width between property lines (or other boundary lines) of land
open to the public as a matter of right or custom for purposes of moving persons
or property from one place to another. | | Types of road user
transport mode | Pedestrian, bicycle, motorized two wheeler, motorized three wheeler, car, van
(including pick up trucks), truck, bus, others | | What is a road
traffic "fatality?" | Any death for which a road traffic crash is the underlying cause. The "underlying
cause" of a death is the disease or injury which initiated the train of events leading
directly to death regardless of how long ago the event occurred. Note that there is
no time limit between the crash and the death. There is also no restriction on
where the death happens (at crash scene, hospital, home, etc). | | What is a road
traffic "injury?" | A road traffic injury is an injury caused in a road traffic crash. "Injury" is the
reduction in functional health status due to energy exchanges that have relatively
sudden discernable effects. | | Levels of injury
severity | Injury severity is defined in terms of the levels of impairment – i.e. reduction in
functional health status – e.g. minor/moderate/severe impairments. | | Types of
institutional
medical care | A hospital admission is a hospital stay exceeding 24 hours. Visits less than 24
hours are referred to as outpatient visits. | | Victim
demographics | Sex: Male/Female.
Age grouping: 0 – 1, 1 – 4, 5 – 14, 15 – 24, 25 – 34, 35 – 44, 45 – 54, 55 – 64,
65 – 74, 75 – 84, and 85+ years.
Urban/rural: National definitions of "urban" and "rural" areas as defined by the
UN Demographic Yearbook. | **Table 1**7 " F %\$ % F ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_21_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1**7 0 F # (.% / " ! " ! @ @5& 7 6 7 - S - @ @ @ 6 6 5E 7 T 7 == &6 (> & % 6! 646 7 % 6 6 6 =4'()>"(L\$ 6 7 4 T= 66@ 6 64' 6 ' 5& 7 O P \$\$ \$ ! \$ \$ = % ! 5-5 67 6> 6@ @5! 66@ T 7 = 66 -6 4 @ &; O P !O = @6 5"(NU(K\$ & 7 4 7 4 + &F/J>1211G\* = ( ( @ (4 \* ( (@ > 66@ 6 7 \* ! \$%! % % &9 \$ ( % ! &. \$\$ \$\$ + % % ( \$ - 4 6 "(L\$ 6 ' 6@ - 5& \$% \$ ()&. 6 - 4 6@ 7 - '' "(#\$ %!( &\* ( ! =?JA>! " \$\$ ! J2 ! &\* ! \$ \$\$ & '6 @ 76 7 6 @5; -6 @ | Country | Deaths | Non-fatal injuries | |---------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Iran | National death registration
system11: covers 29 provinces
(i.e. all except Tehran); ICD-10
derivative causes of death
National forensic medicine | Hospital data sample11: Data collected from all
hospitals in 12 provinces (outpatient for 4 days, and
hospital admissions for 4 weeks), followed back to
household post-discharge
Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)47: Approx | | | system11: estimates available for
all provinces | 110,000 households, included questions about road
traffic injury involvement and care. | | India1 | National Sample Registration
System33: Nationally
representative sample of deaths
in India, causes evaluated by
verbal autopsy.
National Medical Certification
of Cause of Death (MCCD)
System34: Cause of death for
reporting hospital in urban areas;
covers approx 500,000 deaths
from all causes annually. | World Health Survey (WHS)48: representative
sample with questions about road traffic injuries and
care; conducted in six states
Survey-New Delhi49: 5,412 households, all injury
causes.
Survey-Bangalore6
: 20,000 households, stratified by
urban/rural and socio-economic status.
Survey- near New Delhi50: morbidity patterns in 9
villages, 25,000 households, monitored for 1 year.
Hospital – Hyderabad12: five hospitals, Approx 800
victims, followed back to household post-discharge. | | Mexico | National death registration
system: ICD-10 coded cause of
death, estimated to be near
complete. | SAEH- Ministry of Health national hospital
discharge database: covers all Ministry of Health
hospitals, approx 115,000 unintentional injury
hospital admissions.
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
national hospital discharge database: approx
175,000 injury hospital admissions; external causes
not recorded.
World Health Survey48: representative sample with
questions about road traffic injuries and care.
Encuesta nacional de Salud y Nutricion
(ENSANUT) national health survey51: Sample size
54,068 individuals, included questions on RTI
involvement and care. | | Ghana | Mortuary data – Kumasi8
:
Data collected from 1996-1999.
Demographic Surveillance
System (DSS) Sites at
Navrongo35: verbal autopsy
based cause of deaths. | World Health Survey48: representative sample with
questions about road traffic injuries and care.
Survey – Kumasi (urban) + Brong Ahafo region
(rural)52: sample of approx 21,000 individuals
Hospital records-Accra: Reporting hospitals | **Table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roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_33_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_34_Picture_0.jpeg) **Chapter 3 Quality of Global Death Registration Data** # **Availability and quality of cause-of-death data for estimating the global burden of injuries** # ;747 Objective\* 1 !% % ! % " & Methods\* \$ % ! % ! ' 6E- R 6 @ 4 5& 6 @ 7 " (" % %!! ( 12A! ( ! !\$ 7 @ T 7 6 @=5 Findings # % ( !0J \$%10A! % \$\$ &\* % : 4 6 4 54 - 6@ 66@ 7 I 6 @ 6 - 6 T =T 7 6 @= T 7 @= T 7 =5E 6@,) -'6 @50 6 66@ 7 - @ 6 6 7 I 6 @ " ! & Conclusion< 12 %1 % ! - @6 @ @ 4 6@6 7 - 66@ 7 - 5 6@ 6 6 @6 @ 6 ! ( % & # ?745<795? # ! ! " !\$% % \$ & % 1 ! ! \$% \$ \$ !!1!% % ! F/JG % " \$\$+ /2A% /1A% & @ -66 4 @ +6 \* (KK( 4 @ (&FCG !! % " ( \$ ( ! % \* \$ ! (%\$ 7 - & & .% :& !! - ! 3"8+\$ -\$ 1 ! ! ! % % !" ! ' <% ; 12/2& !" &FBG\* \$\$ ) ! % ! % % !" &\*\$\$ ! 1 ! % \$ % ' <% ='<> &FMG \* '< % % \$! ! & E @ 6 4\* @3 65 "L\$4 I 6 @ '' 5& @ 6 @@ I - - 66' 7 ! O \$P &,! ! \$ \$ !" @4 6 6 @ 52 4 B6K *International classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision*=39/2> T 6 I 7 =4 I 6@ - !" & '< %( B ! 1 ( & 2664 - 6 3 65 "L\$ 4 6 6 @ 6 @ \$ % ! % % 1 ! ! " \$ &3 ( !! ! 1 ! ! 7 @ 5 # 75; ## Availability of mortality data ' % !% ! ! \$ '< @ =,( 6,))K >5".\$ & 6 6 - @ 6 % ( % ! (39 &F0G. ( - 4'()52 4 6 66 4 6 7 - 4'K ( 1 ! %" 1 &' 6 6 7 - 6 4'K 66 +EQ@ 9 0 6 = > ! D ! - \* & ## 5AB=7?;;5 ?795?=74 9;74795? & 6 6 - 4 7 @ - % ! ( !\$" ! / 0 6 5"K\$ 46 6@ 6 6@ 6 - ' 7 6 @50 6 @ \$ ! ! \$ ! % &3 ( " % \$ %( (% 02A! +\$ ( ( M2A 02A ( ( & | Intent | Broad category | Detailed category | Code | ICD-10 Code | ICD-9 Code | |------------------|----------------------------|--------------------------|------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | Pedestrian | 1 | V01-V04, V06, V09 | E811-25 (.7), E826-29 (.0) | | | | Bicyclist | 2 | V10-V19 | E810-825 (.6), E826-29 (.1) | | | | Two-wheeler rider | 3 | V20-V29 | | | | | Three-wheeler occupant | 4 | V30-V39 | E810-825 (.2 & .3) | | | | Car occupant | 5 | V40-V49 | | | | Road Injury | Van occupant | 6 | V50-V59 | | | | | Truck occupant | 7 | V60-V69 | E810-825 (.0 & .1) | | | | Bus occupant | 8 | V70-V79 | | | | | Other road injury | 9 | V80, V82, V83, V84,
V85 | E810-25 (.4, .5, .8), E826-
29 (.2, .3, .4, .8) | | | Rail | Rail | 10 | V05, V81 | E800-807, E810.7 | | | Other transport | Other transport | 11 | V86, V91, V93-V98 | E831, E833-8, E843 | | | Fall | Fall | 12 | W00-W19 | E880-86, E888, E929.3 | | | Drowning | Drowning | 13 | V90, V92, W65-W74 | E830, E832, E910 | | | Other threats to breathing | | 14 | W75-W84 | E911-13 | | Unintentional | Fire | Fire | 15 | X00-X19 | E890-99, E924, E929.4 | | | | Firearm | 16 | W32-W34 | E922 | | | Mechanical force | Sharp object | 17 | W25-W29, W45-W46 | E920 | | | | Machinery | 18 | W24, W30-W31 | E919 | | | | Gas | 19 | X46-X47 | E862, E867-69 | | | | Pesticide | 20 | X48 | E863 | | | Poisoning | Other poison | 21 | X40-X45, X49 | E850-58, E860-61, E864-
66, E929.2 | | | Adverse medical effects | | 22 | Y40-Y84, Y88 | E870-79, E930-49 | | | Animal contact | Animal contact | 23 | W53-W59, X20-X27,
X29 | E905.06/.8/.9, E906 | | | Forces of nature | Forces of nature | 24 | X30-X39 | E900-04.9( excL E900.1,
E901.1), E907-9, E929.5 | | | Other unintentional | Other unintentional | 25 | W20-W23, W35-W44,
W49-W52, W60-W64,
W85-W99, X28, X50-
X58 | E840, E841, E842, E844-
48, E9001, E9011, E902-4,
E905.7, E914-18, E921,
E923, E925-28.8, E929.8 | | | Fall | Fall | 26 | X80 | E957 | | | Drowning | Drowning | 27 | X71 | E954 | | | Other threats to breathing | | 28 | X70 | E953 | | | Fire | Fire | 29 | X76-X77 | E958.1 | | Intentional, | | Firearm | 30 | X72-X74 | E955 (except E955.5) | | Self-inflicted | Mechanical force | Sharp object | 31 | X78 | E956 | | | | Gas | 32 | X67 | E951-52 | | | Poisoning | Pesticide | 33 | X68 | E950.6 | | | | Other drug | 34 | X60-X66, X69 | E950.05, E950.79 | | | Other self-inflicted | Other self-inflicted | 35 | X75, X79, X81-X83 | E955.5, E958.0, E958.28 | | | Fall | Fall | 36 | Y01 | E968.1 | | | Drowning | Drowning | 37 | X92 | E964 | | | Other threats to breathing | | 38 | X91 | E963 | | | Fire | Fire | 39 | X97-X98 | E968.0 | | Intentional, | Mechanical force | Firearm | 40 | X93-X95 | E965.0-4, E968.6 | | Inter-personal | | Sharp object | 41 | X99 | E966 | | | | Gas | 42 | X88 | E962.2 | | | Poisoning | Pesticide | 43 | X87 | NA | | | | Other drug | 44 | X85-X86, X89-X90 | E961, E962.0/1/9 | | | Other inter-personal | Other inter-personal | 45 | X96, Y00, Y02-Y08 | E960, E965.5-9, E967,
E968.2-5, E968.7-8 | | Collective Viol. | Collective violence | Collective violence | 46 | Y36 | E979, E990-98 | | Legal | Mechanical force | Firearm | 47 | Y35.0 | E970 | | intervention | Other legal intervention | Other legal intervention | 48 | Y35.1-Y35.6 | E971-5/8 | | | Broad category | Undetermined Intent, Partly specified & Late Effects Codes
Detailed description | Code | ICD-10
Code | ICD-9 Code | |-----------------------------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------|----------------------|------------------------------------| | | | Unspecified unintentional road injury not
including pedestrian or bicyclist | 49 | V87-V88 | E810-25 with 5th char.
9 | | | Road Injury | Unspecified unintentional road injury | 50 | V89, Y85.0 | E826-9 with 5th char.
9, E929.0 | | | Transport | Unspecified unintentional transport injury | 51 | V99, Y85.9 | E929.1 | | | Non-transport | Unspecified unintentional non-transport injury | 52 | Y86 | NA | | | Unintentional | Unspecified unintentional injury | 53 | X59 | E887, E928.9, E929.9 | | | Self-inflicted | Unspecified self-inflicted injury | 54 | X84, Y87.0 | E958.9, E959 | | | Inter-personal | Unspecified inter-personal injury | 55 | Y09, Y87.1 | E968.9, E969 | | | Falls | Undetermined intent – fall | 56 | Y30 | E987 | | | Drowning | Undetermined intent – drowning | 57 | Y21 | E984 | | Partly-specified,
Undetermined | Other threats to
breathing | Undetermined intent - other threats to breathing | 58 | Y20 | E983 | | Intent, and | Fire | Undetermined intent – fire | 59 | Y26-Y27 | E988.1-2 | | Unspecified | | Undetermined intent – firearm | 60 | Y22-Y24 | E985.0-4/.67 | | | Mechanical forces | Undetermined intent - sharp object | 61 | Y28 | E986 | | | | Undetermined intent – gas | 62 | Y17 | E981-2 | | | Poisoning | Undetermined intent – pesticide | 63 | Y18 | E980.7 | | | | Undetermined intent - other drug | 64 | Y10-Y16, Y19 | E980.0-6/8/9, E988.7 | | | Other | Undetermined intent – other | 65 | Y25, Y29,
Y31-Y33 | E985.5, E988.0/.3-
.6/.8 | | | All injuries | Undetermined intent – unspecified | 66 | Y34, Y87.2 | E988.9, E989 | | | Collective violence | Collective violence | 67 | Y89.1 | E999 | | | Legal intervention | Unspecified legal intervention | 68 | Y35.7, Y89.0 | E976-7 | | | All injury | Unspecified injury mechanism | 69 | Y89.9 | NA | **Table 1: Specified and partly-specified cause-of-death categories for injuries** " 5 #-\$ % J % % & ' (- )5\*+, #-\$ % ' % (- -5.+/0 ' % ' #- \$ (-511+/ 2 #- G ' G / 3 #-4556\$-6\$\$ #-\$57\$77\$\$ 'F G/ 2 #- 8 F % ' 69)55- ' G 69# G8' 6 '/ 45 | Region1 | Country2
data availability in the WHO Mortality Database
Country: most recent year(years of data available)3 | |-----------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | | ASIA PACIFIC, | Japan:2007(13), Republic of Korea:2006(12), Singapore:2003(13) | | HIGH INCOME | Countries with no data (0.2% of regional pop): Brunei Darussalam | | ASIA, CENTRAL | Azerbaijan:2007(1), Georgia:2001(4), Kyrgyzstan:2006(7), Uzbekistan:2005(2)
Countries with no data (42% of regional pop): Armenia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, | | | | | | Turkmenistan | | ASIA, EAST | Hong Kong:2007(7)
Countries with no data (99.5% of regional pop): Democratic People's Republic of Korea, China4 | | | Countries with no data (100% of regional pop): Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India4 | | ASIA, SOUTH | , Nepal, | | | Pakistan | | ASIA, | Maldives:2005(6), Mauritius:2007(10), Thailand:2002(11) | | SOUTHEAST | Countries with no data (89% of regional pop): Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic
Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, Viet nam | | | | | AUSTRALASIA | Australia:2004(8), New Zealand:2005(9) | | | Countries with no data (0% of regional pop): none | | | Antigua and Barbuda:2006(7), Bahamas:2002(4), Barbados:2003(4), Belize:2001(5), | | | Bermuda:2002(7), Cuba:2006(7), Dominica:2004(5), Dominican Republic:2004(8), | | CARIBBEAN | Grenada:2005(5), Guyana:2005(9), Haiti:2003(5), Saint Kitts and Nevis:2005(10), Saint | | | Lucia:2002(7), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:2004(6), Suriname:2005(8), Trinidad and | | | Tobago:2002(4) | | | Countries with no data (6% of regional pop): Jamaica | | | Croatia:2006(12), Czech Republic:2007(14), Hungary:2005(10), Poland:2006(8), | | EUROPE, | Romania:2007(9), Serbia:2007(10), Slovakia:2005(12), Slovenia:2007(23) | | CENTRAL | Countries with no data (14% of regional pop): Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, | | | Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | | EUROPE, | Estonia:2005(9), Latvia:2007(12), Lithuania:2007(10), Republic of Moldova:2007(12) | | EASTERN | Countries with no data (95% of regional pop): Belarus, Russian Federation, Ukraine | | | Austria:2007(9), Cyprus:2006(2), Denmark:2006(13), Finland:2007(12), France:2006(10), | | | Germany:2006(9), Greece:2006(9), Iceland:2007(12), Ireland:2007(11), Israel:2005(10), | | EUROPE, | Italy:2006(9), Luxembourg:2005(8), Malta:2007(13), Netherlands:2007(12), Norway:2006(11), | | WESTERN | Portugal:2003(5), San Marino:2000(6), Spain:2005(9), Sweden:2006(11), United Kingdom:2007(9) | | | Countries with no data (4% of regional pop): Belgium, Andorra, Monaco, Switzerland | | LATIN AMERICA, | Ecuador:2006(10), Peru:2000(2) | | ANDEAN | Countries with no data (18% of regional pop): Bolivia | | | Colombia:2005(8), Costa Rica:2006(10), El Salvador:2006(10), Guatemala:2006(7), | | LATIN AMERICA, | Mexico:2006(9), Nicaragua:2005(9), Panama:2006(8), Venezuela:2005(10) | | CENTRAL | Countries with no data (3% of regional pop): Honduras | | LATIN AMERICA, | Argentina:2005(9), Chile:2005(9), Uruguay:2004(6) | | SOUTHERN | Countries with no data (0% of regional pop): none | | LATIN AMERICA, | Brazil:2005(10), Paraguay:2004(9) | | TROPICAL | Countries with no data (0% of regional pop): none | | | Bahrain:2001(5), Egypt:2000(1), Kuwait:2002(8) | | NORTH AFRICA / | Countries with no data (81% of regional pop): Algeria, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jordan, | | MIDDLE EAST | Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, | | | Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen | | NORTH AMERICA, | Canada:2004(8), United States of America:2005(9) | | HIGH INCOME | Countries with no data (0% of regional pop): none | | | Kiribati:2001(11) | | | Countries with no data (99% of regional pop): Cook Islands, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Micronesia | | OCEANIA | (Federated States of), Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, | | | Tuvalu, Vanuatu | | | South Africa:2005(10) | | SUB-SAHARAN | Countries with no data (30% of regional pop): Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Swaziland, | | AFRICA, | Zimbabwe | | SOUTHERN | | | SUB-SAHARAN | Countries with no data (100% of regional pop): Angola, Central African Republic, Congo, | | AFRICA, CENTRAL | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon | | | Countries with no data (100% of regional pop): Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, | | SUB-SAHARAN | Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda, United Republic of | | AFRICA, EAST | Tanzania, Zambia | | | Countries with no data (100% of regional pop): Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, | | SUB-SAHARAN | Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, | | AFRICA, WEST | Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo | | | | ## **Table 2: Availability of global death registration data** - - ' G )4 F G 69)55- G/ - 5:74?=<;95? 49749 - - ;G3; ('5&&%%%/%/& &+ - -.9A=9?;;8 54:49?=< - - - GG ' #-\$ #-45 % 8 / #-\$ 3; G % 9 2 < / 2 5 =# -"26<5 J > J ? 2 ? 2 ? , =# =25 - =# =;@25 0 ? =# =;@2=25 G 0'' =G = &lt;? -6#99"5 A @6;0 -"26<5 9 J 9 @6;0 =26"5 9 6 B @? , @6;0 3=26"5 =%J , <2#" 6#- -"26<5 , ";62 B6#- & #< =25 # (# 6' + =G 6' 2 ?G, ;-"#5 0 ' "% +<9?0 - - - % #-\$ G % % #-\$ % 75<; 45A\$492 - B // B A ' 5 )557 G % 3; G / 4\*G 79;89== 74BB=>9? 7D=<;95?497492 - ?9 ? 9? 8 .AB= 9;74795?.>;7A;774B547<;:5 :79?;5A4 95?;230 **Table 3: Completeness and quality (percent of deaths assigned to partially specified causes)** - **of death registration data for selected countries included in the WHO Mortality Database** 2 ' G 'F - 1\$C\$ 2 4 % 5 - @ 'F 5 - C\$ 2 4 - ;?74A9?9?7?78 5;-<:<< - @ 'F 5 --\* - @ 'F '5 --4 - @ 'F 5 --5 - @ 'F ' 5 -1\$ - @ 'F '5 - -) @ 'F ' 5 - -- - @ 'F L5 --1 - @ 'F 5 -C. - .= :;5:;7A5;7B5B<=5<;59?4 95? 45A:9 7:4 ?=>@2 9?=>5? 59;;5:? 45A7 5<479? A494 95?;?5? 5 45A '/ 6 .\* GJ % 5 %%%/ F / | | All Injuries | Road Injuries | Suicide/Homicide | |----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | (20 countries) | (47 countries) | (60 countries) | | ASIA PACIFIC, HIGH INCOME | Japan, Republic of Korea | Japan, Republic of Korea | Japan, Republic of Korea | | ASIA, CENTRAL | Uzbekistan | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | | ASIA, EAST | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | | ASIA, SOUTHEAST | | Mauritius | Mauritius | | AUSTRALASIA | Australia, New Zealand | Australia, New Zealand | Australia, New Zealand | | CARIBBEAN | Barbados, Trinidad and
Tobago | Bahamas, Barbados,
Belize, Cuba, Guyana,
Saint Lucia, Trinidad and
Tobago | Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cuba, Guyana,
Martinique, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago | | EUROPE, CENTRAL | Hungary, Poland, Slovakia,
Slovenia | Croatia, Czech Republic,
Hungary, Poland,
Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia | Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia | | EUROPE, EASTERN | Estonia, Lithuania | Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Republic of Moldova | Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova | | EUROPE, WESTERN | Finland, Iceland, Ireland,
Luxembourg, Malta | Austria, Finland, Germany,
Greece, Iceland, Ireland,
Luxembourg, Malta,
Portugal, Spain | Cyprus, Israel, Austria, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom | | LATIN AMERICA, ANDEAN | | | Ecuador | | LATIN AMERICA, CENTRAL | Panama | Columbia, Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Mexico, Panama | Columbia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Mexico,
Panama | | LATIN AMERICA, SOUTHERN | | Chile | Argentina, Chile, Uruguay | | LATIN AMERICA, TROPICAL | | Brazil, Paraguay | Brazil, Paraguay | | NORTH AFRICA / MIDDLE EAST | | Kuwait | Kuwait | | NORTH AMERICA, HIGH INCOME | | Canada, United States of
America | Canada, United States of America | **Table 4: Countries where death registration data can be used for reliable national estimates of all external causes of injuries, road injuries, suicides, and homicides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roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_47_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_48_Picture_0.jpeg) \$\$ ! /0 \$ ! \$" ( =Q 5-66 7 5->& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_49_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_50_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Incidence of road injuries in Argentina** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_52_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Argentina compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54== 5=(2.5<48.9?989<= 54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 | Rank | External Cause of Injury | Deaths | |------|--------------------------------------|--------| | 1 | Road Injury | 5093 | | 2 | Self-inflicted | 4536 | | 3 | Inter-personal | 2250 | | 4 | Adverse effects of medical treatment | 1848 | | 5 | Drowning | 767 | | 6 | Fire | 700 | | 7 | Other unintentional | 698 | | 8 | Other threats to breathing | 663 | | 9 | Falls | 521 | | 10 | Poisoning | 498 | | 11 | Rail Injury | 369 | | 12 | Firearm | 182 | | 13 | Forces of nature | 104 | | 14 | Other transport | 76 | | 15 | Animal contact | 45 | | 16 | Machinery | 39 | | 17 | Sharp object | 7 | | 18 | Collective violence | 3 | | 19 | Legal Intervention | 2 | **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 3" ( % ! /0 BC0 M&JA! % 122B& # " % ! " % % ( ! =\* />&3122B " !10A! " % & # **How did we compute these estimates?** <% % ! % ! " \$ %% !( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 - 6 ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ - - 6@ 7 5 . % \$ ! % | All Cause Deaths | 293161 cases | | |---------------------------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------| | Unknown cause (R95-R99) | | 5.8% % of all-cause deaths | | Injury Deaths | 18548 cases | | | Unspecified intent | | 0.0% % of all injury deaths | | Undetermined Intent | | 9.8% % of all injury deaths | | Unintentional Injuries | 11609 cases | | | Unspecified unintentional (X59) | | 31.6% % of all unintentional injury deaths | | Transport | | 3925 cases | | Unspecified transport | | 1.7% % of all transport deaths | | Road Injuries | | 3550 cases | | Unspecified road injury | | 26.0% % of all road injury deaths | | Unspecified type of veh occup | | 0.5% % of all vehicle occupant deaths | | Non-Transport | | 4010 cases | | Unspecified non-transport | | 0.1% % of all non-transport deaths | | Intentional | | 4978 cases | | Inter-personal | | 2037 cases | | Unspecified mechanism | | 11.0% % of all inter-personal deaths | | Self-inflicted | | 2936 cases | | Unspecified mechanism | | 0.3% % of all self-inflicted deaths | | Legal Intervention | | 2 cases | | Unspecified mechanism | | 0.0% % of all legal-intervention deaths | | Collective Violence | | 3 cases | **Table 2 Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575' G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " 52 -@7 Q ( % 7 Q 6 7 Q 6' H 7 Q ' 65& !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 \* !! ! \$ .% 1 ( ( % ! ! \$&\* - #66) 7 & +\$ ! ! ( \* 1 ! " % ! 66@ 7 5& ( " \$ 7 66 5& 6 !C2A " & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_55_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths**25578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B9?: 85=8;4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%& ( % ! =B&0A>! % !! " + \$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % % \$ & 3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " && ## **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " =.% J>% -6A - @7 6- ,))K+E 66! % % ! @5& 7 6- '< \$ ! ! &' ! @ 3 @ 6 7 6 .% J %% \$ #8;\* & ( ! % ( 6 66@ ' 7 % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_55_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources.** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5= .77<;B5475?5 . 7>> "26"5 " ' 2 F ## **Road deaths by age and sex** % % 6 =2 - ->5E #-=LL5,A> 66 @ 4 #- =L65#A> ( 12 & =.% C> % J&B %( & % ! % %\$ % !! % & % ! % & (% % % ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_56_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 "=& & ) ! ! > % % ( % % % ( % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_56_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # **Deaths and non-fatal road injuries by type of road-user** % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 "=& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_56_Figure_9.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths broken down by road user type** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_56_Figure_11.jpeg) **Figure 6: Non-fatal road injuries broken down by road usertype** .5<48 45;B97= 9;4 7 \* ! & \* % !" % % !\$ & | 57 ?Road Injuries in 18 Countries | Argentina - 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |-----------------------------------|---------------------|-------------------------|------------------------|-----|-------|----|----|------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----|-----|------|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|------------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Male | | | | | | | | | | | Intent | Broad category | Specific | < 1 | 1 – 4 | | | | 5 – 9 10 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 34 35 – 39 40 – 44 45 – 49 50 – 54 55 – 59 60 – 64 65 – 69 70 – 74 75 – 79 80+ | | | | | | | | | | | All Ages | | | | | Pedestrian | 2 | 19 | 49 | 26 | 52
41 | 44 | 37 | 29 | 42 | 33 | 40 | 43 | 30 | 30 | 36 | 28 | 619
38 | | | | | Bicyclist | 0 | 5 | 14 | 14 | 27
24 | 16 | 13 | 17 | 18 | 21 | 37 | 23 | 33 | 26 | 35 | 27 | 356
6 | | | | | Two-wheeler rider | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 95
50 | 104 | 32 | 42 | 38 | 28 | 20 | 26 | 21 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 488
6 | | | | | Three-wheeler occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | Road Injury | Car occupant | 12 | 8 | 30 | 39 | 254
131 | 233 | 191 | 162 | 147 | 166 | 170 | 143 | 120 | 86 | 75 | 55 | 2077
56 | | | | | Van occupant | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 8
4 | 18 | 9 | 17 | 10 | 16 | 11 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 151
3 | | | | | Truck occupant | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 8
4 | 11 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 18 | 16 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 132
0 | | | | | Bus occupant | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 7
0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | Other road injury | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 8
6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 3 | | | | Rail | | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 34
14 | 32 | 36 | 12 | 25 | 16 | 10 | 14 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 248
15 | | | | Other transport | | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 6
3 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | Falls | | 2 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 16
13 | 25 | 25 | 23 | 16 | 19 | 32 | 28 | 27 | 22 | 17 | 24 | 383
76 | | | Unintentional | | Drowning | 7 | 85 | 30 | 36 | 77
77 | 66 | 29 | 30 | 23 | 32 | 47 | 23 | 14 | 6 | 12 | 14 | 635
23 | | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 124 | 25 | 6 | 4 | 16
4 | 17 | 13 | 11 | 3 | 7 | 19 | 18 | 9 | 12 | 23 | 8 | 383
63 | | | | Fire | | 6 | 22 | 16 | 10 | 27
15 | 33 | 28 | 26 | 16 | 17 | 30 | 33 | 21 | 26 | 18 | 21 | 426
60 | | | | | Firearm | 0 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 20
20 | 17 | 16 | 11 | 7 | 16 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 161
2 | | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | Machinery | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1
4 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | | | | | Gases | 0 | 14 | 10 | 11 | 67
38 | 34 | 20 | 11 | 10 | 14 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 286
6 | | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | Other poisons | 13 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | | | | Adverse medical effects | | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3
3 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 13 | 26 | 25 | 38 | 63 | 102 | 126 | 173 | 806
208 | | | | Animal contact | | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | | | | Forces of nature | | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6
1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 13 | 11 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 6 | | | | Other | | 2 | 13 | 21 | 29 | 53
66 | 46 | 48 | 44 | 42 | 44 | 35 | 25 | 17 | 12 | 17 | 8 | 533
8 | | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3
3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | | | | | Drowning | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 23
21 | 14 | 17 | 12 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 17 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 150
3 | | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 0 | 0 | 3 | 45 | 275
200 | 200 | 139 | 102 | 79 | 95 | 109 | 102 | 83 | 60 | 61 | 57 | 1660
50 | | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 8
7 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | | | Self- inflicted | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 9 | 16 | 197
171 | 133 | 109 | 70 | 85 | 68 | 93 | 88 | 85 | 76 | 82 | 66 | 1433
85 | | | | | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10
8 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3
1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2
1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 6
4 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | | | Other | | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 11
4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 14 | | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | Drowning | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3
2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 7 | | | | Fire | | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | Firearm | 2 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 165
156 | 166 | 115 | 92 | 64 | 51 | 58 | 35 | 21 | 29 | 20 | 12 | 1014
17 | | | Inter-personal | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 2 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 145
80 | 112 | 79 | 59 | 38 | 43 | 32 | 35 | 33 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 711
17 | | | | | Gases | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | | | | Other | | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 8
3 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 7 | | | Collective violence | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | Legal intervention | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Source: Estimates based on analysis of death registration data | | | | | | | | | | | | Female | | | | | | | | | | | |---------------------|-------------------------|------------------------|-----|-------|----|----|----|----------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|--------|----|----|----|----|----|-----|-----|-----|------|-------| | Intent | Broad category | Specific | < 1 | 1 – 4 | | | | | 5 – 9 10 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 34 35 – 39 40 – 44 45 – 49 50 – 54 55 – 59 60 – 64 65 – 69 70 – 74 75 – 79 80+ All Ages | | | | | | | | | | | | Total | | | | Pedestrian | 3 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 26 | 6
10 | 5 | 12 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 27 | 26 | 31 | 234 | 853 | | | | Bicyclist | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 8
2 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 64 | 420 | | | | Two-wheeler rider | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 6
14 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 561 | | | | Three-wheeler occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | | | Road Injury | Car occupant | 7 | 15 | 27 | 29 | 54 | 57
54 | 39 | 44 | 68 | 50 | 43 | 38 | 38 | 32 | 39 | 33 | 46 | 714 | 2791 | | | | Van occupant | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3
3 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 35 | 186 | | | | Truck occupant | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 147 | | | | Bus occupant | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2
2 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 52 | | | | Other road injury | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 78 | | | Rail | | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 20 | 4
9 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 121 | 369 | | | Other transport | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 76 | | | Falls | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2
1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 93 | 138 | 521 | | Unintentional | | Drowning | 3 | 54 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 2
5 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 133 | 767 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 99 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 1
4 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 20 | 88 | 280 | 663 | | | Fire | | 6 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 13
12 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 15 | 18 | 29 | 93 | 274 | 700 | | | | Firearm | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1
4 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 21 | 182 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | | | | Machinery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39 | | | | Gases | 2 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 36 | 16
26 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 12 | 147 | 433 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 9 | | | | Other poisons | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 23 | 56 | | | Adverse medical effects | | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 5
0 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 16 | 24 | 26 | 31 | 51 | 100 | 153 | 592 | 1042 | 1848 | | | Animal contact | | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 17 | 45 | | | Forces of nature | | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 12 | 27 | 104 | | | Other | | 2 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 10
15 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 22 | 165 | 698 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1
3 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 44 | 77 | | | | Drowning | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 6
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 58 | 207 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 56 | 43
42 | 24 | 23 | 32 | 27 | 22 | 26 | 13 | 17 | 17 | 13 | 8 | 386 | 2046 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2
1 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 40 | 107 | | Self- inflicted | | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 43 | 22
26 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 9 | 16 | 5 | 11 | 243 | 1676 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 28 | 104 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 39 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1
3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 21 | 40 | | | | Other drugs | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3
7 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 74 | 126 | | | Other | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 36 | 115 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | Drowning | 3 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 28 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2
4 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 56 | 98 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | | Inter-personal | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 0 | 1 | 7 | 13 | 21 | 15
22 | 10 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 154 | 1168 | | | | Sharp object | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 13
9 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 16 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 108 | 819 | | | | Gases | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | | | Other | | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1
3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 32 | 115 | | Collective violence | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | | Legal intervention | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_61_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_62_Picture_0.jpeg) **Incidence of road injuries in Brazil** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_63_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_64_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Brazil compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54==5=(2.5<48.9?989<=54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 3" ( % ! 6 6 (,L.)N (,5LA ! 122B& # " % ! " + ! ! =\* />& 3 122B " ! J2A! " & # **How did we compute these estimates?** <% %! % ! " \$ %% !( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 - 6 ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ - - 6@ 7 5 **Table 2 Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 =1B&BA>! % " ' 7 5+ 6 6 ! % ! " %% % & ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575' G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " 52 -@7 Q ( % 7 Q 6 7 Q 6' H 7 Q ' 65& !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 \* !! ! \$ .% 1 ( ( % ! ! \$&\* - #6L#. 7 " %(& +\$ ! ! (\* 1 ! " % 66@ 7 5& ( " 7 66 5& 6 !//A " & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_67_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths**25578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B9?: 85=8;4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( ! =0&0A>! % !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % \$ &3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & ## **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " ()A - @7 6- ,))K +E 66 ! % % ! @ =2 - #>5& 7 6- '< \$ 3! =! >&' ! ! 7 6 6 @ @ 7 6 6@ 66@' 7 @ 7 6 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_67_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources.** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475?5 . 7>> "26"5 " ' 2 F ## **Road deaths by age and sex** % =.% C>&< CB =0/A> ! " 4 6 ' =L#A> ( 12 & =.% C>% C&C %( & % ! % %\$ % !! % & % ! % = - - ()'(- @ (6'(K @ >5 (% % % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_68_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 "=& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_68_Figure_3.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Road deaths type of road-user** =J0A> % \$ =2 - 6>54 =,LA> @6 =1JA> ! & \* % ! % !\$ & % ) !\$&3 ( )( 8 \$ % \$\$ 6 H H " & ( %% @6 H 6 - \$ %\$!: ( & R 6 @6 H - 4'6 6 @ 7 - 6 R 6 6 H 5 @ 6 6 5 (KK. @6 ! C&BA! 122B \$\$ 1JA& ! ! \$ & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_68_Figure_9.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths broken down by road user type** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Estimates of non-fatal road injuries** \* !! " ! %\$ \$ \$ \$\$ &% \$ \$ ( )( \$ " ( ( ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_69_Figure_17.jpeg) % " % % % ! ! 66@ - 7 6@ =2 - L>53 - 7 6@ - '6 " ( =.% 0> (\$ ! % &# " - 7 6@ - -@ - 6 =(N'-- > ! % %\$& 3 ( ! " % MB ( % % % =.% C> % \$%% ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_70_Figure_1.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_70_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 8: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G # **Acknowledgements** \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . & \* \$ ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_73_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_74_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Incidence of road injuries in Colombia** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_75_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_76_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Colombia compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54== 5=(2.5<48.9?989<= 54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ 6@ - - 6@ 7 &.% \$! % \$ ( ! ( =Q 5-66 7 5->& & 664 - 7 ) ! ! " 9 &\* " & \* ( \$ ( !! ! " & ## **Overview of data sources** ' ! " 9 % % **Table 2: Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 =1J&0A>! % " ' 7 5+ 6 6 ! % ! " %% % & ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575B479=:G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " &. %!*- -* ( % ! *- - -* &\* \$ !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 5 \* !! ! \$ .% 1 ( ( % ! ! \$&\* - .),. 7 " %(& +\$ ! ! (\* 1 ! " % 66@ 7 5 & ' 66@ 7 !C&BA ! " & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_79_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths** 5578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B 9?85=8;4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( 9 ! =/&JA>! % !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % 9 \$ &3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & ## **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " 9 (6',)A - @7 6- ( !! & \* ) ! !! ( ! ! % ) \$ % " & 3 \$ ( +\$ ! ! \$ ! & ! \$ \$ ! & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_79_Figure_8.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475?5 . 7>> 354?;9 99?8 ?;797<75595?= 99? => 9?9;354?;; ## **Road deaths by age and sex** 9 % =2 - ->5E #- =LNA> 66 @ 4 =NLA>4 6 6 12 & =.% C>% ! %( & % ! % %\$ % ! ! % % %\$& % ! % = % - ()'(- @ (6'(K @ >5 (% % % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_80_Figure_1.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 " =& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_80_Figure_5.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # **Road deaths by type of road-user** =CBA>9 %\$ =.% B>& ! 10A&3 \$ \$% 6@(KA 66 @ 46 & \* % ! % 9 !\$ & % ) !\$&3 ( )( 8 \$ % 6 H H " &( % - @6 H 6 -! ) \$ ! !" : ( & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_80_Figure_12.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths broken down by road user type** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # **Estimates of non-fatal road injuries** \* !! " ! %\$ \$ \$ \$\$ &% \$ \$ ( )( \$ " ( ( % & \$ % ! \$ % \$ ! \* - 6 7 @ @ 6 54 6 76 ( % !! !% \$ \$\$ &\* \$\$ " ! ! ! ! " \$ !\$ %& ' ! ! " 46 - ,))L 0 6 6 ! @ =;> \$ " & \* \$ % \$ ! -)))) 6 54 ,))L \* 6 7 @ \$ \$ \$ % \$ ! &' => /2! ! ;& ## **Non-fatal injuries by age, sex, and residence** E 6@ ,))L 0! -- 6@ ( \$ \$ 9 ! 66@5& ,5,A"K6A 9371&21&CAG! \$\$ & % @ 66@ - 7 6@ - % ! ! =2 - .> 4 L-A - 53 - 7 6@ - '6 @ 4 =2 - L> 4 \$ ( ! % 4 5 % @ - 7 6@ - - @ - 6 =(6'-K @ > - % =Q/B > =RB2 >% %\$& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_81_Figure_5.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries in urban and rural areas 95% CI are shown.** .5<487 5795?=4=7 .<48> ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_81_Figure_8.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** .5<487 5795?=4=7 .<48> ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_81_Figure_11.jpeg) **Figure 8: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** .5<487 5795?=4=7 .<48> | | | | | | | | | | | | | Female | | | | | | | | | Total Both | |---------------------|-------------------------|------------------------|-----|-----|-----|----|------------|-----|-----|-----|-----|--------|----|----|----|----|----|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------|--------------|------------| | Intent | Broad category | Specific | < 1 | 1–4 | 5–9 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80-84 | | 85+ All Ages | Sexes | | | | Pedestrian | 5 | 40 | 31 | 29 | 29
28 | 23 | 29 | 32 | 33 | 45 | 41 | 53 | 59 | 46 | 56 | 56 | 37
44 | 715 | 2871 | | | | Bicyclist | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8
1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 37 | 529 | | | | Two-wheeler rider | 0 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 57
50 | 35 | 26 | 21 | 16 | 6 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0
0 | 247 | 1784 | | | | Three-wheeler occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 8 | | | Road Injury | Car occupant | 1 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 19
16 | 8 | 12 | 5 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 0
0 | 118 | 404 | | | | Van occupant | 0 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 5
3 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0
0 | 48 | 147 | | | | Truck occupant | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7
1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2
1 | 57 | 227 | | | | Bus occupant | 0 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 15
7 | 6 | 6 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 0
0 | 112 | 275 | | | | Other road injury | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0
1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0
0 | 16 | 107 | | | Rail | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 3 | 20 | | | Other transport | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0
0 | 11 | 62 | | | Falls | | 4 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 4
4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 18 | 26 | 35 | 79
42 | 281 | 1323 | | Unintentional | | Drowning | 16 | 78 | 35 | 25 | 11
13 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2
2 | 239 | 1195 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 104 | 39 | 3 | 9 | 10
2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 18 | 10 | 17 | 21 | 37
41 | 351 | 857 | | | Fire | | 1 | 29 | 4 | 2 | 3
3 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 0
2 | 68 | 192 | | | | Firearm | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2
2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 9 | 105 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 18 | | | | Machinery | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 23 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
0 | 4 | 40 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0
0 | 6 | 24 | | | | Other poisons | 0 | 11 | 2 | 0 | 1
2 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
2 | 36 | 124 | | | Adverse medical effects | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1
1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 6
4 | 47 | 71 | | | Animal contact | | 1 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 2
1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0
2 | 41 | 158 | | | Forces of nature | | 2 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6
8 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0
1 | 62 | 242 | | | Other | | 5 | 18 | 13 | 6 | 5
6 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0
4 | 104 | 792 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5
2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 18 | 76 | | | Threats to breathing | Drowning | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 12 | 34 | | | | Other threats | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 27
27 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2
1 | 135 | 834 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 5 | | Self- inflicted | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 16
11 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 58 | 588 | | | | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 44 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 3 | 8 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 28
54 | 20 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3
0 | 157 | 355 | | | | Other drugs | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 25
50 | 11 | 18 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0
0 | 146 | 428 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 21 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 2 | | | Threats to breathing | Drowning | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 3 | 30 | | | | Other threats | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 11
9 | 12 | 11 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 8 | 2
4 | 93 | 307 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 5 | 20 | | Inter-personal | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 2 | 8 | 15 | 31 | 220
190 | 172 | 137 | 121 | 114 | 73 | 47 | 27 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 3
1 | 1197 | 15919 | | | | Sharp object | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 62
43 | 57 | 26 | 51 | 25 | 19 | 11 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2
4 | 328 | 2751 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 1 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 3 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0
0 | 9 | 20 | | | Other | | 12 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 11
6 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 6
6 | 119 | 680 | | Collective violence | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 14
14 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 49 | 640 | | | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 10 | 148 | | Legal intervention | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_85_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_86_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Incidence of road injuries in Croatia** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_87_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_88_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Croatia compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54== 5=(2 .5<48.9?989<= 54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 3" ( % ! 6 6 ,NLN 656A 9122B& # " % !" 9 ! . &\* " =\* />& 3 122B " ! 7 =,,5(A> 66 @ 4 5 ## **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ 6@ - - 6@ 7 &.% \$! % \$ ( ! ( =Q 5-66 7 5->& & 664 - 7 ) ! **Table 2: Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 7 - 5& 6- 66@' 7 -@ % ! " &% 7 - ,(56A ' 7 5 66@ -5KA @ 7 - " " 7 5& 66@ 66 - &< !% ! % + 12A & ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575B479=:G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " 52 -@7 Q ( % 7 Q 6 7 Q 6' H 7 Q ' 65& !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 5 \* !! ! \$ ! .% 1& \* % M/2 7 5 I ! ( \* 1 ! " ( " 7 66 5& 6 !10 % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_91_Figure_1.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths** 5578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B 9?85=8;4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( 9 ! =2&CA>! % !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % 9 \$ &3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & ## **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " 9 \$ ! \$ \$ ,))K+E*Global Status Report Road Safety* ( \$ \$=.% J>& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_91_Figure_9.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475? 5. 7>> 38 \$54= 5 .779;79;: ## **Road deaths by age and sex** 9 % =2 - ->5E #- =LNA> 66 @ 4 =NLA> 4 6 12 & =.% C> % ! % % ( & % ! % %\$ % !! % & % ! @ - 6 = - - ()'(-@ (6'(K >& ( % % % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_92_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 " =& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_92_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Road deaths by type of road-user** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_92_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths broken down by road user type.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 < !! =B1A>9 % \$=.% B>& =/0A> ( ( =/CA> \$ & % ) 9 \$ &< ! ! + %% ( \$ \$ % ! % % !\$ % & 6- 6 H = > % \$ 8& ( ( ! \$ % % %: = ! ! " > 9 8\$ = ! ! " 9 # \$ >&\* ! 9%% \$ %( %)9( & %\$ % =.% C> % \$%% ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_94_Figure_1.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries in urban and rural areas 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_94_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_94_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 8: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G # **Acknowledgements** \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . & \* \$ ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_97_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_98_Picture_0.jpeg) **Incidence of road injuries in Czech Republic** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_99_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_100_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Czech Republic compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherland.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54== 5=(2 .5<48.9?989<= 54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 3" ( % ! 6 6 .#L. 65KA 9 # \$ 122B& # " % !" 9 # \$ ! ! =\* />&\* /2 " 9 # \$ & 3 122B " 6@ '7 66 @ 4R % \$ & # **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ 6@ - - 6@ 7 &.% \$! % \$ ( ! ( =Q 5-66 7 5->& **Table 2: Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 7 - ' 7 5 ' \* 4 6@ 66 ! ! " %% %! \$ ! % ( ) &\* ( ( \$ %% %! " 9 # \$ ) \$ & /2&CA! @ 7 - 6 @ 7 5& ( ! &< !% ! % + 12A & ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575B479=:G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " &. %!*- -* ( % ! *- - -* \* \$ !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 \* !! ! \$ ! .% J& \* % JBJ 7 5 I ! (\* 1 ! " ( *-* &\* !/22 & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_103_Figure_1.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths** 5578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B 9?85=8;4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( 9 # \$ 6@ 66 =)5LA> % !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % 9 # \$ \$ & 3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & ## **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " 9 % 6 I 6@KA - \$ \$ \$ ,))K+E66! % % ! @4 \$ =.% J>& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_103_Figure_9.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475?5 . 7>> 38\$54= 5 .779;79;: ## **Road deaths by age and sex** % =.% C>& E #- =L65,A> 66 @ 4 =K(A> 4 6 6 12 & =.% C>% % % ( & % ! % %\$ % !! % & % ! % = % - ()'(- @ (6'(K @ >5 (% % % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_104_Figure_1.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 " =& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_104_Figure_5.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Road deaths by type of road-user** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_104_Figure_9.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths broken down by road user type.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ! ! =CBA> 9 # \$ % \$ =.% B>& =,KA> @6 =((A> 4'4 6 =()A> ) \$ )! & % ) ! 9 # \$ \$ &< ! ! ! %% ( \$ \$ % 9 # \$ ! % % !\$ % & )( 6- 6 H = > % \$ 8& ( ( ! \$ % % %: = ! ! " > 9 8\$ = ! ! " 9>&\* ! 9 # \$ %% \$ %(%) ( & % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_106_Figure_1.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries in urban and rural areas 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_106_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_106_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 8: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** # **Acknowledgements** \* \$( \$ \$! \$" ! ' )- # ! . &\* \$ ! % & | | | | | | | | | | | | | Female | | | | | | | | | | |---------------------|-------------------------|------------------------|--------|-----|--------|--------|----|----|----|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----|--------|----|----|----|----|----|-----|------------|--------------|---------------------| | Intent | Broad category | Specific | < 1 | 1–4 | 5–9 | | | | | 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80-84 | | | | | | | | | | 85+ All Ages | Total Both
Sexes | | | | Pedestrian | 0 | 0 | 7
4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 13 | 11 | 14 | 6
15 | 120 | 376 | | | | Bicyclist | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2
2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3
3 | 33 | 151 | | | | Two-wheeler rider | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 10 | 133 | | | | Three-wheeler occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 9 | | | Road Injury | Car occupant | 1
0 | | 5
2 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 10 | 5 | 13 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 0
3 | 152 | 590 | | | | Van occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 4 | 19 | | | | Truck occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 15 | | | | Bus occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 2 | | | | Other road injury | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 5 | 20 | | | Rail | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1
1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0
1 | 26 | 139 | | | Other transport | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 13 | | | Falls | | 0 | 3 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 11 | 32 | 65 | 149 | 356
274 | 936 | 1729 | | Unintentional | | Drowning | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5
1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 2
3 | 62 | 253 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 8 | 2 | 1
0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 4 | 19 | 14
16 | 127 | 360 | | | Fire | | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5
5 | 34 | 92 | | | | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 14 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 3 | | | | Machinery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 1 | 7 | | | | Gases | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2
0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 1
2 | 34 | 123 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | | | | Other poisons | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 24 | 14 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2
2 | 79 | 282 | | | Adverse medical effects | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2
1 | 9 | 14 | | | Animal contact | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0
0 | 4 | 12 | | | Forces of nature | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2
7 | 32 | 127 | | | Other | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0
1 | 6 | 83 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5
2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 2
2 | 60 | 136 | | | | Drowning | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1
4 | 16 | 30 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 3 | 13 | 30 | 12 | 14 | 3 | 14 | 12 | 10
11 | 147 | 1081 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 7 | | Self- inflicted | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0
0 | 8 | 166 | | | | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1
2 | 10 | 53 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0
0 | 5 | 43 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 13 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1
0 | 58 | 130 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 13 | 58 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | | | Threats to breathing | Drowning | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 3 | | | | Other threats | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0
0 | 6 | 12 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | | Inter-personal | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0
1 | 3 | 21 | | | | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1
0 | 24 | 50 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0
0 | 11 | 21 | | Collective violence | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | | | Mechanical forces | Firearm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Legal intervention | Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_109_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_110_Picture_0.jpeg) **Incidence of road injuries in Ecuador** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_111_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_112_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Ecuador compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54==5=(2.5<48.9?989<=54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ 6@ - - 6@ 7 &.% \$! % \$ ( ! ( =Q 5-66 7 5->& & 664 - 7 ) ! ! " 8 &\* " &\* ( \$ ( !! ! " & ## **Overview of data sources** ' ! " 8 % % **Table 2: Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 7 5 + 6 6 % = ! % ! % + 12A > % & ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575B479=:G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " &. %!*- -* ( % ! *- - -* \* \$ !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 5 \* !! ! \$ ! 2 - ,5& - ,#L, 7 5 I ! (\* 1 ! " ( " \$ 7 66 5& 6 !1BA " & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_115_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths** 5578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B 9?85=8;4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( 8 =(5KA> -@ !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % 8 %&3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " 8 & # **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " 8 66@ =.6A> - @ 7 6 - =054> ,))K +E - # \$# ! =.% J>& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_115_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475?5 . 7>> 5 8?;797<75595?= ;79;79;>?;5; ## **Road deaths by age and sex** % =.% C>& E #- =LNA> 66 @ 4 ! =0BA>( 12 & =.% C>% J&B % % ( & % ! % %\$ % !! % & % ! % = % %\$/2 (-@ (6'(K@ >5 (% % % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_116_Figure_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_116_Figure_4.jpeg) - - - *1 ' (--1 ' & 2* 38 C J10 (( \$! ' ( \$ !01A /2&JA! % \$ ! 1 " &3 ! ' ( \$ % ! 1 ( 6 6- - 67 (% \$ &\* \$ 1 \$ ! (% \$ 7 % % %\$ \$ ! \$ 1 \$ ! = % %%\$ ! > \$\$ &' => /2! ! '& ## **Non-fatal injuries by age, sex, and residence** < ! 1221122J'%% (L)))) 6 5 '6 66@5& (5#A"K6A4Q)5N' /&0AG! \$\$ & # " % ! ! =.% B>&' % !! " 4 66@ - 7 =.% M>& # " - 7 6@ - - @ - 6 =(N'-- @ > - 6 6@ =2 - L>5 6 ( ! " % MB ( ! % %\$ % =.% B> % \$%% ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_117_Figure_6.jpeg) **Figure 5: Incidence of road injuries in urban and rural areas 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_117_Figure_9.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_117_Figure_12.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G # **Acknowledgements** \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . &\* \$ ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_121_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_122_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Incidence of road injuries in Hungary** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_123_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_124_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Hungary compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54==5=(2 .5<48 .9?989<=54B547; 547;5<4?A75; **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 3" ( % ! 6 6 LKK) 65KA %122B& # " % !" % ! ! =\* />&\* ! " &3122B " 6@ '7 66 @ -@5 # **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ 6@ - - 6@ 7 &.% \$! % \$ ( ! ( =Q 5-66 7 5->& **Table 2: Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 4 - 66@ 7 50 ! % !! " 6A 7 5E 6 6@#A @ 7 - 6 @ 7 5E !% ! % + 12A & ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575' G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " 52 -@7 Q ( % 7 Q 6 7 Q 6' H 7 Q ' 65& !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 % @' 7 5 5 % @' 7 / 7 @ / 7 6 @ / 7 ' / 7 ' 7 \* !! ! \$ ! .% 1&\* % / C/C 7 5 I ! ( \* 1 ! 66@ 7 6@ 6 !/2B & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_127_Figure_1.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths** 5578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B 9?85=8;4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( % ! =2&/A>! % !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % % \$ &3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & # 5AB49;5?5 5<4;79A7;:97574;5<4; < ! " % @ 7 6 = 6 > H 6% 2 ,))K+E*Global Status ReportRoad Safety*&. 1222 !( % \$ ( !\$ % ( /0A% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_127_Figure_9.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475?5 . 7>> 38\$54= 5 .779;79;: ## 5 7;> ?;D % =.% C>& E #- =L.A> 66 @ 4 =K#A> 4 6 6 12 & =.% C>% % % ( & % ! % %\$ % !! % & % ! % = % - ()'(- @ (6'(K @ >5 (% % % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_128_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 " =& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_128_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Road deaths by type of road-user** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_128_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths broken down by road user type.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 !! =CBA>% % \$ =.% B>& =1BA> =/MA> (( =//A>) \$ ) ! & % ) ! % \$ & < ! ! /2 %% ( %\$ \$ % % ! ! % % !%(% ! % & \* 4 6- 6 H = > % \$ 8 & ( ( ! \$ % % % : = ! ! " > 9 8\$ = ! ! " 9>&\* ! %%% \$ %(%) ( & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_130_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries in urban and rural areas 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_130_Figure_3.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_130_Figure_6.jpeg) **Figure 8: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** = G # **Acknowledgements** \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . &\* \$ ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_133_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_134_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Incidence of road injuries in Iran** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_135_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_136_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Iran compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54== 5=(2 .5<48.9?989<=54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 % 7 6 - @ 3 % 12 =\* />&3122B " ! ( ! " 3&9\$ 4 6 6 @ 7 - 7 66 - \* 66 - \$ \$ ! 122J 1) # " % ! 3 % /2&JA! 7 46 - =,5(A>5 # **How did we compute these estimates?** <% %! % ! " \$ %% !( ! \$ % \$ ! ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_138_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure: 2 Developing a national snapshot of the burden of road injuries from all available data sources in Iran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roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_139_Figure_11.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_140_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_140_Figure_3.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # **Road deaths by type of road-user** =C1A> 3 % \$=.% B>& ! 1MA /CA! \$ &\* % ! % 3!\$ & % ) !\$&3 ( )( 8 \$ % 6 H H " &( % - @6 H 6 -! \$ % \$! ( &33 ! \$ % &\* ! 3122B ( ! 122/& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_140_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths by type of road-user** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Non-fatal road injuries** 3 122B /&2M \$ \$ =/&BA ! \$\$ > ! ! " !( ( \$ =,-N#-( 6 > =-K(#)L 6 > =,K)#,( 6 >5 6 )5,K 66 6 4 6 &# !\$ \$ \$ % !! !! =.% M>&' (% !! " \$ ) % %\$ !/B1C ! % % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_140_Figure_11.jpeg) **Figure 6: Non-fatal road injuries disaggregated by age and type of medical care.** = 5 ' G, ' = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_141_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 7: Non-fatal road injuries by type of road-user and type of medical care.** .5<48 5;B97=4 & 7 @ @ ! \$ !! ! '6 =2 - L>5+ 6 % % !! \$ 7 ! (( & ( ( % =,L5N> =665N> 66 7 =N5( /M&2 \$ >&\* \$ \$ (( 3 \$\$ ! & ## **Acknowledgements** \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . & \* \$ ! % & ;% ( 3 ! 8 \$ \$ &' % ! 3 ! 8 =<8> \$ \$! ; () \$ 9 8 % ; ! ! \$ % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_143_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_144_Picture_0.jpeg) **Incidence of road injuries in Kazakhstan** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_145_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_146_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Hungary compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54== 5=(2.5<48 .9?989<=54B547; 547;5<4?A75;2 **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<489;74795?7 74 3" ( % ! 11 C2J -) 122B& # " % ! " -) =\* (>5 ,))6 (LA 66 @ -)& # **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ 6@ - - 6@ 7 &.% \$! % \$ ( ! ( =Q 5-66 7 5->& & 664 - 7 ) ! ! " -)& ## **Overview of data sources** ' ! " -)% % ! '< & ' !! " % ! 1221122J' & ## **Estimates of road injury deaths** < (! ! % " -) ( \$ 7 % ! 7 6- 6% 2 ,))K+E *Global Status Report Road Safety*&' % ! '< &\* ! % & \*\$ % + ! %\$ \$ ! 3 6! 646 7 =4>5 !1B ! ( @ ,))L5+ 6@ 6@R @ 66 =,))-',))L>4 ! !39/2& ## 6 F 69)55- F + 6 7 - #N- ' I-5& - 7 -122B\$" -3" +\$ %\$ ( =4445-66 7 5->& + 6 7 4 7 ! " = " > -3" +\$ %\$& ,! ! -) \$ '< ! 39/2 6@ 6 7 N ' - " &< ! \$ ( \$ ! " & 3 ! 39/2 ! % \$ ( \$ ! \$ 66@ 7 - 5& 466 ! " & ## **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " -) (#A - ,))K+E *Global Status Report Road Safety*=.% 1>& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_147_Figure_11.jpeg) **Figure 2: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5= .77<;B5475?5 . 7>>38 \$54= 5 .779;79;: ## **Road deaths by age and sex** % =.% J>& 6 #- =L#A> 66 @ 4 ! =00A>( 12 @ 5 =2 - #> - ,5L % %( & % ! % %\$ % !! % & % ! % = % %\$/2 (-@ (6'(K@ >5 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_148_Figure_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_148_Figure_4.jpeg) - - - *1 ' (--1 ' & 2* 9R\* --K6 4 4 ! ' ( \$ !/22A 2&1A ! % \$ ! 1 " &3 ! ' ( \$ % !1 ( \$ ! % % 7 4 ' - 5& \$ 1 \$ ! (% \$ 7 % % %\$ \$ ! \$ 1 \$ ! = % %% \$ ! > \$ \$ &' => /2! ! '& ## **Non-fatal injuries by age, sex, and residence** < ! 1221122J'%% 122 222\$ \$ -) ! 66@5& (5#A"K6A 4Q)5. '(5KA\$ 6 % " % % % ! ! 66@ - 7 6@ =2 - C>& ( % !! " ( !! 66@ - 7 =2 - 6>5 % @ % %% =/0CC > % !! - 7 5 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_149_Figure_6.jpeg) **Figure 4: Incidence of road injuries in urban and rural areas 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_149_Figure_9.jpeg) **Figure 5: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_149_Figure_12.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G # **Acknowledgements** \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . &\* \$ ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_153_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_154_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Incidence of road injuries in Latvia** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_155_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_156_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Latvia compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54== 5=(2 .5<48.9?989<= 54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 3" ( % ! 6 6 #,(. K5NA :122B& # " % ! " : + ! ! =\* />& 3 122B " !/BA! " :& # **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ 6@ - - 6@ 7 **Table 2: Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 4 - 66@ 7 50 ! % !! " 6A 7 5E 6 6@#A @ 7 - 6 @ 7 5E !% ! % + 12A & ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575' G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " 52 -@7 Q ( % 7 Q 6 7 Q 6' H 7 Q ' 65& !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 \* !! ! \$ ! .% 1& \* % CB/ 7 5 I ! (\* 1 ! " ( " \$ 7 66 5& 6 !CJ & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_159_Figure_1.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths** 5578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B 9?85=8;4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( : ! =2&0A>! % !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % : \$ &3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & ## **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " : % \$ \$ /2A% \$ ,))K+E*Global Status ReportRoad Safety*!122M 1/A% \$ 3#.!122/& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_159_Figure_10.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475?5 . 7>> 38\$54= 5 .779;79;: # **Road deaths by age and sex-** % =.% C>& 6 #-=L#A> 66 @ 4 =K,A>4 6 6 12 & =.% C>% % %( & % ! % %\$ % !! % & % ! % = - - ()'(-@ (6'(K@ >5 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_160_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 " =& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_160_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Road deaths by type of road-user** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_160_Figure_8.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths broken down by road user type.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 6 6 =-LA> ; - \$ =.% B>& \*% ( \$ =#KA> 4 - N.A 66 " & # **Estimates of non-fatal road injuries** \* ! ! " ! % \$ \$ \$ \$\$ &% \$ \$ ( )( \$ " ( ( % & \$ % ! \$ % \* - 6 7 \$ & ( ! \$\$ 76 4 - 6 ! !% \$ \$\$ & \* \$\$ " !!! ! " \$ !\$ %& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_162_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries in urban and rural areas 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_162_Figure_3.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_162_Figure_6.jpeg) **Figure 8: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** # **Acknowledgements** \* \$( \$ \$! \$" ! ' )- # ! . &\* \$ ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_165_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_166_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Incidence of road injuries in Mauritius** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_167_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_168_Figure_0.jpeg) **and the Netherlands.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54== 5=(2 .5<48.9?989<= 54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 3" ( % ! B2/ MA ! 122B& # " % ! " + ! ! =\* />&3122B " ! !! " & # **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 - **Table 2: Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ' 7 5& %% %! \$ ! % \$ ! % &' /C&BA! " 7 - 6 @ 7 ! % & < ! % ! % + 12A & 3 % & ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575B479=:G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I-5& ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " &. % !*- -* ( % ! *f - -* \* \$ !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 5 \* !! ! \$ ! .% J& \* % /J1 7 5 I ! (\* 1 ! " ( " \$ 7 66 5& 6 !12 & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_171_Figure_1.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths.** 5578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B9?85=8; 4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%& ( ! =2&BA>! % !! " + \$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % \$ & 3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & ## **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " ,)A - @ 7 6- ,))K+E 66! % # ! =.% J> ( \$ \$& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_171_Figure_11.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources.** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5= .77<;B5475?5 . 7>> 38 \$54=5 .779;79;: ## **Road deaths by age and sex** % =.% C>& < CB =01A> ! " ( =K#A> 4 6 6 12 & =.% C>% ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_172_Figure_2.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_172_Figure_5.jpeg) - *0* - - *!* - - - *1 ' (--1 ' & 2* 3 J00M ( ( \$ +!4 KNA 6@)5(A ! % \$ ! 1 " &3 ! ' ( \$ % !1 ( \$ ! % % 7 4 ' - 5& \$ 1 \$ ! (% \$ 7 % % %\$ \$ ! \$ 1 \$ ! = % %% \$ ! > \$ \$ &' => /2! ! '& ## **Non-fatal injuries by age, sex, and residence** < ! 1221122J'%% /0 222\$ \$ ! 66@5& (56A"K6A 937/&21&2AG! \$\$ & % " % % % ! ! 66@ - 7 6@ =2 - 6>53 - 7 6@ - '6 " ( =.% M>& # " % %% =/0CC > % %\$ !! 66@ - 7 5 6 4 6 ! " % MB ( ! % %\$ % 6 6@=2 - L> - - - ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_173_Figure_10.jpeg) **Figure 5: Incidence of road injuries in urban and rural areas 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_173_Figure_13.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_174_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** **Source: 2002/2003 World Health Survey** ## \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . & \* \$ ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_177_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_178_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Incidence of road injuries in Mexico** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_179_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_180_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Mexico compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54==5=(2.5<48.9?989<=54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 | Rank | External Cause of Injury | Deaths | |------|--------------------------------------|--------| | 1 | Road Injury | 20339 | | 2 | Inter-personal | 10722 | | 3 | Self-inflicted | 4729 | | 4 | Other threats to breathing | 4012 | | 5 | Falls | 3602 | | 6 | Drowning | 2994 | | 7 | Poisoning | 1318 | | 8 | Other unintentional | 1293 | | 9 | Fire | 1155 | | 10 | Adverse effects of medical treatment | 711 | | 11 | Animal contact | 449 | | 12 | Forces of nature | 365 | | 13 | Firearm | 354 | | 14 | Rail Injury | 218 | | 15 | Other transport | 96 | | 16 | Sharp object | 90 | | 17 | Machinery | 88 | | 18 | Collective violence | 0 | | 19 | Legal Intervention | 0 | **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<489;74795?7 74 3" ( % ! B1 BJM /2&MA! 66 3 I ,))65 % 7 % !" + % 4 @ 7 =\* />&3122B " #KA 66 @ 3 I 5 # **How did we compute these estimates?** <% %! % ! " \$ %% !( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 - 6 ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ - - 6@ 7 5 | All Cause Deaths | 493957 cases | | |---------------------------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------| | Unknown cause (R95-R99) | | 1.0% % of all-cause deaths | | Injury Deaths | 52536 cases | | | Unspecified mechanism | | 0.0% % of all injury deaths | | Undetermined Intent | | 5.5% % of all injury deaths | | Unintentional Injuries | 35401 cases | | | Unspecified unintentional (X59) | | 19.8% % of all unintentional injury deaths | | Transport | 16398 cases | | | Unspecified transport | | 0.0% % of all transport deaths | | Road Injuries | 16148 cases | | | Unspecified road injury | | 27.1% % of all road injury deaths | | Unspecified type of veh occup | | 35.1% % of all vehicle occupant deaths | | Non-Transport | 11982 cases | | | Unspecified non-transport | | 2.7% % of all non-transport deaths | | Intentional | 14160 cases | | | Inter-personal | | 9853 cases | | Unspecified mechanism | | 15.2% % of all inter-personal deaths | | Self-inflicted | | 4307 cases | | Unspecified mechanism | | 1.4% % of all self-inflicted deaths | | Legal Intervention | | 0 cases | | Unspecified mechanism | | 1.4% % of all legal-intervention deaths | | Collective Violence | | 0 cases | **Table 2 Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575' G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " 52 -@7 Q ( % 7 Q 6 7 Q 6' H 7 Q ' 65& !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 5 \* !! ! \$ .% 1 ( ( % ! ! \$&\* - (.(-N 7 " %(& +\$ ! ! ( \* 1 ! " % 66@ 7 5& ( 6 ' 7 66 5& ! 1JA " & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_183_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths**25578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B9?: 85=8;4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( + ! =/&2A>! % !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % + \$ &3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & ## **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " + 1CA - @7 6- ,))K+E66! % % ! @ =2 - #>5& 7 6- '< \$ \$ ; 3 ! - %\$ 3!&.% J \$ !( =3 3 # . > \$ \$%&\* \$( ! % \$\$+ 6@7 - @6 5 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_183_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources.** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5= .77<;B5475?5 . 7>> =#95 = ' 9 ## **Road deaths by age and sex** + % =2 - ->5 6 #-=L,A> 66 @ 4 #- =LNA>4 6 12 & =.% C>% #5L - 4 665 3 % ! % %\$ % ! ! % & % ! % = % %\$/2 (-@ (6'(K@ >5 (% % % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_184_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 "=& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_184_Figure_3.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Road deaths type of road-user** =CBA> + %\$ =.% B>&9 \$ \$ C2A! ! & % ! BA! 122B \$ % + & % 122M ( 1222&\* %(% ! % + \$ & % ) !\$&3 ( )( 8 \$ % 6 H H " &( % - @6 H 6 -! \$ %\$!: ( & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_184_Figure_8.jpeg) **Estimates of non-fatal road injuries** \* !! " ! %\$ \$ \$ \$\$ &% \$ \$ ( )( \$ " ( ( % & \$ % ! \$ % \$ ! \* - 6 7 @ @ 6 54 6 76 ( % !! !% ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_185_Figure_18.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_186_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_186_Figure_3.jpeg) **Figure 8: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G % @ - 7 6@ - - 4 L)A % % ! =.% M>& 3 - 7 6@ - '6 @ 4 =2 - L>5% @ - 7 6@ - -@ - 6 =(N' CC >! % %\$ =.% 0>& 3 ( ! " % MB ( %% % =.% C> % \$%% ! % & # **Acknowledgements** \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . & \* \$ ! % &' % ! + @ 6 =! P !6> 66@ D !3 C - ! 3!=-3>!\$ % 6@ 7 " + &\* ( \$ ( + !!! -3 ! % \$ ! & | Deaths from Injuries
Mexico 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | Male | | | | | | | | | | |-------------------------------------|-------------------------|------------------------------|---------|----------|---------|-----------|-----------|------------|-----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|----------|-----------|-----------|---------|---------|---------|---------|-------------| | Intent | Broad category | Specific | < 1 | 1–4 | 5–9 | | | | | 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80-84 | | | | | | | | | | 85+ | All Ages | | | | Pedestrian | 9 | 228 | 179 | 187 | 432 | 545 | 552 | 537
515 | 546 | 455 | 439 | 396 | 368 | 355 | 339 | 308 | 266 | 273 | 6930 | | | | Bicyclist | 2 | 0 | 8 | 36 | 45 | 35 | 42 | 37
55 | 35 | 35 | 31 | 52 | 32 | 25 | 24 | 10 | 17 | 7 | 527 | | | | Two-wheeler rider | 2 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 116 | 198 | 178 | 61
103 | 62 | 35 | 38 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 849 | | | | Three-wheeler occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 217
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | | | Road Injury | Car occupant
Van occupant | 23
2 | 66
10 | 69
8 | 126
13 | 709
75 | 1038
91 | 871
81 | 638
48
753
55 | 513
49 | 406
46 | 319
25 | 10 | 128
20 | 131
24 | 79
5 | 41
5 | 29
2 | 36
0 | 6193
569 | | | | Truck occupant | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 19 | 24 | 21
33 | 5 | 14 | 8 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 169 | | | | Bus occupant | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 14 | 19 | 13
14 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 132 | | | | Other road injury | 0 | 2 | 31 | 27 | 21 | 41 | 41 | 35
33 | 24 | 19 | 36 | 39 | 35 | 19 | 24 | 10 | 17 | 9 | 462 | | | Rail | | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 25 | 24 | 19
31 | 15 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 187 | | | Other transport | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 15 | 10
10 | 11 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 90 | | | Falls | | 24 | 61 | 29 | 20 | 71 | 111 | 115 | 142
149 | 167 | 172 | 198 | 178 | 170 | 211 | 161 | 171 | 167 | 264 | 2580 | | Unintentional | Threats to breathing | Drowning | 22 | 253 | 109 | 148 | 347 | 296 | 202 | 139
241 | 142 | 126 | 113 | 77 | 89 | 67 | 43 | 49 | 31 | 44 | 2539 | | | | Other threats | 629 | 133 | 50 | 57 | 99 | 120 | 123 | 190
147 | 161 | 160 | 144 | 119 | 117 | 107 | 85 | 65 | 55 | 104 | 2667 | | | Fire | | 14 | 55 | 19 | 13 | 40 | 51 | 44 | 31
55 | 50 | 32 | 30 | 37 | 42 | 28 | 45 | 43 | 56 | 65 | 748 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object
Firearm | 0
0 | 0
1 | 4
0 | 13
1 | 28
7 | 56
5 | 44
11 | 34
8
29
9 | 28
7 | 11
11 | 11
1 | 17
6 | 21
3 | 9
3 | 0
2 | 5
0 | 7
2 | 0
0 | 318
78 | | | | Machinery | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 12
7 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 85 | | | | Gases | 4 | 21 | 17 | 10 | 8 | 28 | 23 | 17
25 | 19 | 23 | 12 | 15 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 16 | 14 | 7 | 299 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 8
8 | 3 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 95 | | | | Other poisons | 4 | 10 | 0 | 8 | 35 | 57 | 64 | 78
86 | 51 | 36 | 22 | 20 | 8 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 517 | | | Adverse medical effects | | 10 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6
9 | 12 | 19 | 13 | 17 | 25 | 23 | 33 | 22 | 26 | 28 | 280 | | | Animal contact | | 8 | 24 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11
16 | 15 | 17 | 21 | 20 | 25 | 23 | 34 | 33 | 22 | 37 | 349 | | | Forces of nature | | 1 | 0 | 2 | 18 | 15 | 31 | 20 | 20
22 | 24 | 28 | 35 | 15 | 11 | 14 | 18 | 19 | 8 | 4 | 307 | | | Other | | 4 | 35 | 34 | 40 | 114 | 131 | 130 | 138
123 | 93 | 74 | 75 | 60 | 33 | 35 | 15 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 1163 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1
2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 | | | Threats to breathing | Drowning | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1
1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 23 | | | | Other threats | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102 | 336 | 495 | 445 | 290
396 | 243 | 170 | 132 | 100 | 60 | 52 | 50 | 31 | 40 | 18 | 2960 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | | Self- inflicted | Mechanical forces | Sharp object
Firearm | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 7
0 | 52
1 | 70
6 | 76
4 | 48
4
49
8 | 45
1 | 39
11 | 35
4 | 22
2 | 27
2 | 14
2 | 29
1 | 24
3 | 21
3 | 11
3 | 569
57 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1
2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 21 | 11 | 12
12 | 9 | 7 | 11 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 128 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 27 | 17 | 20
10 | 13 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 135 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3
4 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 20 | | | Falls | | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 2
7 | 9 | 9 | 17 | 13 | 18 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 9 | 3 | 128 | | | | Drowning | 2 | 15 | 6 | 7 | 25 | 23 | 16 | 11
9 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 172 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 26 | 6 | 7 | 31 | 66 | 103 | 96 | 64
77 | 59 | 53 | 29 | 31 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 5 | 12 | 0 | 719 | | | Fire | | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 12 | 11
4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 70 | | | | Firearm | 2 | 8 | 17 | 67 | 437 | 798 | 940 | 762
909 | 586 | 430 | 307 | 226 | 169 | 109 | 44 | 48 | 19 | 11 | 5888 | | Inter-personal | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 4 | 8 | 3 | 14 | 182 | 289 | 245 | 187
203 | 158 | 132 | 100 | 77 | 79 | 58 | 50 | 28 | 14 | 17 | 1849 | | | | Gases | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 9 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 1
8 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 38 | | | Other | | 8 | 19 | 11 | 6 | 22 | 42 | 41 | 50
45 | 32 | 41 | 27 | 21 | 26 | 14 | 21 | 9 | 3 | 13 | 452 | | Collective violence | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | Mechanical forces | Firearm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Legal intervention | Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source: Estimates based on analysis of death registration data | | | | | | | | | | | | Female | | | | | | | | | | | |---------------------|-------------------------|------------------------|------------|-----|----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|--------|-----|-----|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----|-----|-----|------------|-----|--------------|---------------------| | Intent | Broad category | Specific | 1–4
< 1 | 5–9 | | | | | | | | | | 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80-84 | | | | | | 85+ All Ages | Total Both
Sexes | | | | Pedestrian | 152
6 | 83 | 89 | 112 | 96 | 99 | 98 | 89 | 101 | 85 | 121 | 106 | 125 | 118 | 150 | 139
180 | 171 | 2121 | 9052 | | | | Bicyclist | 3
2 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 7 | 27 | 554 | | | | Two-wheeler rider | 3
0 | 0 | 7 | 37 | 13 | 5 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6
0 | 0 | 93 | 942 | | | | Three-wheeler occupant | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | | | Road Injury | Car occupant | 66
32 | 68 | 86 | 218 | 220 | 226 | 146 | 159 | 117 | 116 | 105 | 81 | 83 | 57 | 52 | 50
40 | 28 | 1948 | 8141 | | | | Van occupant | 3
0 | 15 | 0 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 14 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0
4 | 5 | 104 | 673 | | | | Truck occupant | 5
3 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 80 | 249 | | | | Bus occupant | 3
0 | 7 | 5 | 14 | 11 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 85 | 217 | | | | Other road injury | 0
0 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 5 | 39 | 501 | | | Rail | | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2
0 | 3 | 31 | 218 | | | Other transport | | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 6 | 96 | | | Falls | | 30
16 | 18 | 14 | 10 | 19 | 16 | 8 | 18 | 12 | 21 | 22 | 32 | 25 | 47 | 64 | 158
92 | 401 | 1022 | 3602 | | Unintentional | | Drowning | 129
7 | 53 | 56 | 44 | 24 | 18 | 15 | 17 | 14 | 13 | 5 | 11 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 5
6 | 11 | 455 | 2994 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 102
518 | 23 | 30 | 55 | 40 | 36 | 30 | 26 | 16 | 28 | 27 | 21 | 18 | 32 | 37 | 53
49 | 205 | 1346 | 4012 | | | Fire | | 22
10 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 12 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 19 | 10 | 12 | 23 | 67
31 | 98 | 407 | 1155 | | | | Firearm | 1
0 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 36 | 354 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0
0 | 4 | 12 | 90 | | | | Machinery | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 4 | 88 | | | | Gases | 16
1 | 11 | 12 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2
4 | 16 | 158 | 457 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 1
0 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2
0 | 4 | 38 | 133 | | | | Other poisons | 12
2 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 18 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 11 | 16 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 13 | 16 | 17
10 | 24 | 212 | 728 | | | Adverse medical effects | | 7
1 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 6 | 15 | 17 | 13 | 28 | 21 | 42 | 40 | 46
45 | 111 | 432 | 711 | | | Animal contact | | 33
5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 2
8 | 11 | 100 | 449 | | | Forces of nature | | 1
3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 7 | 2
4 | 8 | 58 | 365 | | | Other | | 24
2 | 14 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9
4 | 4 | 130 | 1293 | | | Falls | | 0
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 9 | 24 | | | | Drowning | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 7 | 30 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 0
0 | 0 | 48 | 105 | 76 | 61 | 43 | 40 | 30 | 23 | 20 | 15 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 2
4 | 1 | 488 | 3448 | | | Fire | | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 2 | 9 | | Self- inflicted | | Firearm | 0
0 | 0 | 6 | 20 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0
0 | 0 | 87 | 655 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
0 | 0 | 5 | 62 | | | | Gases | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 3 | 9 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0
0 | 0 | 4 | 27 | 11 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 87 | 215 | | | | Other drugs | 0
0 | 0 | 4 | 18 | 26 | 18 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0
1 | 0 | 115 | 251 | | | Other | | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 7 | 27 | | | Falls | | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1
4 | 5 | 21 | 149 | | | Threats to breathing | Drowning | 6
6 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1
0 | 1 | 34 | 206 | | | | Other threats | 10
13 | 3 | 35 | 55 | 44 | 36 | 29 | 26 | 13 | 13 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 4
12 | 4 | 335 | 1054 | | | Fire | | 3
2 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1
0 | 3 | 43 | 113 | | Inter-personal | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 11
0 | 11 | 18 | 60 | 77 | 53 | 67 | 47 | 46 | 40 | 35 | 24 | 11 | 8 | 10 | 2
2 | 4 | 525 | 6413 | | | | Sharp object | 3
4 | 8 | 10 | 14 | 43 | 42 | 33 | 33 | 20 | 15 | 16 | 13 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 0
15 | 1 | 299 | 2148 | | | | Gases | 3
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 4 | 17 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 1
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 7 | 15 | | | | Other drugs | 0
0 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0
3 | 1 | 21 | 59 | | | Other | | 12
10 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 3
2 | 9 | 96 | 548 | | Collective violence | | | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Legal intervention | Mechanical forces | Firearm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_189_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_190_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Incidence of road injuries in Mozambique** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_191_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_192_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Mozambique compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54==5=(2 .5<48.9?989<=54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75; # **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ 6@ - - 6@ 7 &.% \$! % \$ ( ! ( =Q 5-66 7 5->& \* ! (% ) ! ! " 1 &\* " &\* ( \$ ( !! ! " & ## **Overview of data sources** ' ! " 1 % ! " ! \$ \$ &' %% % ! + %\$ 9 6 3@ =(KK-',))#> U %\$ =!!> 6 =(KKK',))(>5+ ! ! " % ! 122J1 %\$ => " ! \$ 9 \$ 3" 122/ 1221& ## **Estimates of road injury deaths** < (! ! % " 1 \$ 7 \$ 9 \$ \$ &3 **Table 1: Distribution of injury deaths recorded at the Maputo Central Hospital mortuary between 1994 and 2003.** .5<48B<75 ?74=45;B97=A547<4>7 **Table 2: Distribution of injury deaths recorded at the Manhica HDSS between 1999 and 2001** = 5 M == ## **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " 1 4 7 6- @ ,))K+E66! % % ! ; 3 ! # ! =.% #>5& 7 6 - \$ &' ! \$ !! " \$ ) \$ -7 @6 5 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_195_Figure_2.jpeg) **Figure 2: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources.** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475?5 . 7>> 5185795?=?;797<7 545 . 7> ## **Road injury death rates in urban and rural areas** ' ( ! \$\$ ! 1 %%\$ &\* " =.% J> =1J&1\$ /22222\$ \$ > ( % \$\$ =//&J> % =/B&J>& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_195_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 3: Road injury death rates in urban and rural areas of Mozambique.** = 5 ; G #"- M == ' A547<4> ## **Estimates of non-fatal road injuries** \*\$ !! " ! %\$ \$ \$ \$\$ & % \$ \$ ( )( \$ " ( ( % &\$ % !\$ % \$! \* - 6 7 @ @ 6 54 6 76 ( % !! !% \$ \$\$ &\* \$\$ " ! !! ! " \$ !\$ %& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_196_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 4: Incidence of road injuries in urban and rural areas. 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55\* = J ! # G ' !! " 1 % ! 3" ! 122J %\$ => \$ 1 &; 122J1 1 " & ( " ( 122J 1 &\* \$ \$\$ 6 ' 6 @ @ .#-K. & \* 1 ! " 7" & ' 122J 3" 1 " ( ! (% ! " 1 ! 7 - - - - -- - -- -- - - --- ---*-* - - --- - -- -- - - -*! / / /* - - - - - -- -- -- *)+ !* - - !-- " -- - -- --- *" # .3/!* - - !-- -- - -- -- -*" # .3/!* \* ( % => /2& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_196_Figure_11.jpeg) **Figure 5: Incidence of road injuries among men and women. 95% CI are shown-** = 5 )55\* = J ! # G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_196_Figure_14.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups. 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55\* = J ! # G < ! 122J %% \$\$+ 6@ (K#))) 6 3R ! & \* \$ (5#A"K6A4Q)5N'(5NA\$ 6 .% C " % ! ! 66@ - 7 6@ - - =(5LA"K6A4Q)5K-',5-A\$> -6 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_001_page_199_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_0_Picture_0.jpeg) **Incidence of road injuries in Slovenia** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_1_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_2_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Latvia compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54==5=(2 .5<48.9?989<=54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 3" ( % ! 6 6 (-#6 L5.A 66 122B&# " % !" ! ! =\* />& \* ! " & 3 ,))6 6@ '7 66 " & ## **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ 6@ - - 6@ 7 &.% \$! % \$ ( ! ( =Q 5-66 7 5->& **Table 2: Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " 52 -@7 Q ( % 7 Q 6 7 Q 6' H 7 Q ' 65& !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 \* !! ! \$ ! .% 1& \* % 1M/ 7 5 I ! ( \* 1 ! 66@ 7 - &\* !/J & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_5_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths.** 5578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B9?85=8; 4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( ! =/&0A>! % !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % \$ &3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_5_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources.** .5<4;8\$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475?5 . 7>> 38\$54= 5 .779;79;: # **Comparison of our estimates with other sources-** < ! " 6 @7 6- ,))K+E66! % # ! =.% J>& ## **Road deaths by age and sex** % =.% ->5 6 #- =L#A> 66 @ 4 =K)A>4 6 6 12 & =.% C>% % % ( & % ! % %\$ % !! % & % ! % = % - ()'(- @ (6'(K @ >5 % % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_6_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups.** % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 " =& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_6_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Road deaths by type of road-user** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_6_Figure_8.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths broken down by road user type.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ! ! % \$ =.% B>& \$ /MA & % ) \$ & < ! ! %% ( % \$ \$ % ! ! % % !%(% ! % & \* 4 6- 6 H = > % \$ 8 & ( ( ! \$ % % % : = ! ! " > 9 8\$ = ! ! " 9>&\* ! %% \$ %(%) ( & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_8_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_8_Figure_3.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G # **Acknowledgements** \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . &\* \$ ! % & | | Deaths from Injuries
Slovenia 2005 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |---------------------|---------------------------------------|------------------------|--------|--------|--------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|---------|------------------|-----------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Male | | | | | | | | | | | Broad category | Specific | < 1 | 1–4 | 5–9 | 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80-84 | | | | | | | | | | | | | 85+ | All Ages | | | | Pedestrian | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0
0 | 18 | | | | Bicyclist | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 13 | | | | Two-wheeler rider | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9
3 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2
1 | 41 | | | | Three-wheeler occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | | | Road Injury | Car occupant | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14
12 | 16 | 5 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 13 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0
2 | 98 | | | | Van occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 3 | | | | Truck occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 3 | | | | Bus occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | Rail | Other road injury | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 2
2
0
1 | 0
0 | 2
0 | 0
0 | 0
1 | 5
2 | 1
0 | 2
0 | 2
1 | 2
0 | 0
0 | 1
0 | 2
0
0 | 22 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 | 5 | | | Other transport | | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
3
0
1 | 4
0 | 0
1 | 0
2 | 0
4 | 0 | 1
9 | 20
1 | 12
0 | 24
0 | 28
0 | 23
0 | 0
11
0 | 3 | | | Falls | Drowning | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5
6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 29
0
1 | 175
15 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0
0 | 19 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0
0 | 7 | | | | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | | Machinery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0
0 | 6 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides
Gases | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 1
0 | 0
0
0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 1
0 | 0
0 | 1
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 3
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 1
0 | 0
0
0
1 | 8
0 | | | | Other poisons | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5
3 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0
0 | 31 | | | Adverse medical effects | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 2
5 | 31 | | | Animal contact | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | | | Forces of nature | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0
0 | 19 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0
0 | 18 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4
1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0
3 | 20 | | | Threats to breathing | Drowning | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0
0 | 18 | | | Fire | Other threats | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 14
0
2
0 | 16
1 | 13
0 | 14
0 | 29
2 | 29
1 | 31
0 | 15
0 | 26
0 | 23
0 | 13
0 | 21
0 | 4
0
0
1 | 252
4 | | | | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
1 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 2
1 | 52 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1
0 | 10 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 17 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3
0 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 29 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 17 | | | Falls | | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0
0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0
0 | 0 | | | Threats to breathing | Drowning | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 0 | 0 | | | Fire | Other threats | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 1
0 | 0
0
0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0
0
0 | 0
1 | | | | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 9 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 3 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | | Collective violence | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | Mechanical forces | Firearm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Legal intervention | Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source: Estimates based on analysis of death registration data | | | | | | | | | | | | | Female | | | | | | | | | | |---------------------|-------------------------|------------------------|-----|-----|-----|---|--------|---|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---|---|--------|----|---|---|----|----|----|----|--------------|---------------------| | Intent | Broad category | Specific | < 1 | 1–4 | 5–9 | | | | 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80-84 | | | | | | | | | | | 85+ All Ages | Total Both
Sexes | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pedestrian | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1
2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 25
2 | 43 | | | | Bicyclist | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8
0 | 20 | | | | Two-wheeler rider | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
0 | 43 | | | | Three-wheeler occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 2 | | | Road Injury | Car occupant | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5
0 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 40
1 | 138 | | | | Van occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 3 | | | | Truck occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 3 | | | | Bus occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | | Other road injury | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 22 | | | Rail | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3
0 | 8 | | | Other transport | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 3 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 14 | 24 | 41 | 172
76 | 347 | | Unintentional | | Drowning | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5
0 | 19 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11
3 | 30 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 7
2 | 14 | | | | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | | Machinery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 6 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2
1 | 10 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | | Other poisons | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4
0 | 35 | | | Adverse medical effects | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 32
3 | 63 | | | Animal contact | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 3 | | | Forces of nature | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 12
1 | 30 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8
0 | 26 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10
0 | 30 | | | | Drowning | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 15
0 | 34 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0
0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 64
1 | 317 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 4 | | Self- inflicted | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 53 | | | | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 11 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5
0 | 22 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
0 | 2 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 20
1 | 49 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4
0 | 21 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | Threats to breathing | Drowning | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | | Other threats | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 1 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | Inter-personal | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2
0 | 11 | | | | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5
0 | 8 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2
0 | 3 | | Collective violence | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | | Legal intervention | Mechanical forces | Firearm | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_11_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_12_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Incidence of road injuries in Spain** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_13_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_14_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Spain compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54== 5=(2 .5<48.9?989<= 54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 3" ( %! 6 6 (.K), -5-A \$122B& # " % !" \$ + ! ! =\* /> % !" &3122B " ! ! " \$& ## **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ 6@ - - 6@ 7 5& 766 - - - @ - 7 - 6 **Table 2: Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** ' 1 ! % ! ! 66@ 7 - 5 4 &6 , '=,L5(A> 7 - ' 7 5 6 (-5)A @ 7 - " " 7 5+ 6 6 - !% ! % + 12A & 3 % & ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575' G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " &. %!*- -* ( % ! *- - -* \* \$ !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 5 \* !! ! \$ ! 2 - #5& - -L,# 7 5 I ! (\* 1 ! " ( " \$ 7 66 5& 6 !/1A " & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_17_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths.** 5578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B9?85=8; 4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( \$ ! =/&CA>! % !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % \$ \$ &3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & ## **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " \$ 1/A - @7 6- ,))K+E66! % % ! =.% J>&\* \$ \$& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_17_Figure_14.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources.** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475?5 . 7>> 38\$54= 5 .779;79;: ## **Road deaths by age and sex** % =.% C>& E #- =LKA> 66 @ 4 =K)A>4 6 6 ,) & =.% C> % ! % % ( & % ! % %\$ % !! % & % ! % = % - ()'(- @ (6'(K @ >5 (% % % & % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 " =& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_18_Figure_3.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_18_Figure_6.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Road deaths by type of road-user** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_18_Figure_10.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths broken down by road user type.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 < !! =B1A>\$ % \$=.% B>& =11A> =/MA> \$ )! & MB ( ! % %\$ % =.% C> % \$%% ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_20_Figure_1.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries in urban and rural areas 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_20_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_20_Figure_7.jpeg) **Figure 8: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ## \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . & \* \$ ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_23_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_24_Picture_0.jpeg) # **Incidence of road injuries in Sri Lanka** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_26_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Sri Lanka compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54== 5=(2.5<48.9?989<= 54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;2 **! "## \$% & #** | Rank | External Cause of Injury | Deaths | |------|--------------------------------------|--------| | 1 | Self-inflicted (suicide) | 4570 | | 2 | Collective violence | 2173 | | 3 | Road Injury | 1937 | | 4 | Drowning | 1030 | | 5 | Falls | 971 | | 6 | Inter-personal (homicide) | 737 | | 7 | Other unintentional | 419 | | 8 | Fire | 407 | | 9 | Animal contact | 383 | | 10 | Other threats to breathing
302 | | | 11 | Rail | 216 | | 12 | Forces of nature | 178 | | 13 | Mechanical forces | 127 | | 14 | Adverse effects of medical treatment | 71 | | 15 | Poisoning | 69 | | 16 | Other transport | 1 | | 17 | Legal intervention | 0 | **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** .5<489;74795?7 74 3" ( % ! 6 6 (#6K( ((5NA ! :)122J&# " % ! " :) ! ! =\* />& 3122J " ! \$\$+ /CA! " :)& # **How did we compute these estimates?** <% % ! % ! " \$ %% !( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 - 6 ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ - - 6@ 7 5 . % \$ ! % | All Cause Deaths | 115495 cases | | |---------------------------------|--------------|-------------------------------------------| | Unknown cause (R90-R99) | | 23.0% % of all-cause deaths | | Injury Deaths | 13591 cases | | | Unspecified mechanism | | 0.0% % of all injury deaths | | Undetermined Intent | | 0.4% % of all injury deaths | | Unintentional Injuries | | 6059 cases | | Unspecified unintentional (X59) | | 6.9% % of all unintentional injury deaths | | Transport | | 1980 cases | | Unspecified transport | | 0.0% % of all transport deaths | | Road Injuries | | 1781 cases | | Unspecified road injury | | 76.0% % of all road injury deaths | | Unspecified type of veh occup | | 0.0% % of all vehicle occupant deaths | | Non-Transport | | 3660 cases | | Unspecified non-transport | | 0.0% % of all non-transport deaths | | Intentional | | 7320 cases | | Inter-personal | | 727 cases | | Unspecified mechanism | | 25.0% % of all inter-personal deaths | | Self-inflicted | | 4467 cases | | Unspecified mechanism | | 1.7% % of all self-inflicted deaths | | Legal Intervention | | 0 cases | | Unspecified mechanism | | 0.0% % of all legal-intervention deaths | | Collective Violence | | 2126 cases | **Table 2 Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 " :)& ( ! ! % " ' 7 5 ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575' G 'F S dh d & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " 52 -@7 Q ( % 7 Q 6 7 Q 6' H 7 Q ' 65& !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 \* !! ! \$ .% 1 ( ( % ! ! \$&\* - (LN( 7 " %(& +\$ ! ! (\* 1 ! " % 66@ 7 5& ( " 7 66 5& 6 K56A @ 5 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_29_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths**25578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B9?: 85=8;4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<489;74795?7 74 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&3 :) 1 =\* 1> ! % !! " & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % :) \$ &3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & # **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " :) 6 @7 6- ,))K+E66! % % ! @ 6 =2 - #>5& 7 6- '< \$ \$ \$&< ! " ( ! \$%\$ &( \$( % \$ ! ! ! 7 @6 ! ; \*5 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_29_Figure_8.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources.** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5= .77<;B5475?5 . 7> ## **Road deaths by age and sex** :) % =.% C>&< CB =0JA> ! " ( CB=0/A>! ( 12 & =.% C>% 7 - 4 665 3 % ! % %\$ % ! ! % & % ! % = % %\$/2 (-@ (6'(K@ >5 (% % % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_30_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups** .5<489;74795?7 74 % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 "=& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_30_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Road deaths type of road-user** 39 % \$ ( -- - 7 ' % & ( :) % ! ! =1CA \* 1> ! 7 7 ' @ 5& - % ! % %% % ) &( ! % (\$ ' 7 ! ; )&\* .% B\$ ! " \$ & =JMA> :) %\$ =2 - 6>5D 6 6 ! " & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_30_Figure_8.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths broken down by road user type** .5<48A5=9 7 # **Estimates of non-fatal road injuries** \* !! " ! %\$ \$ \$ \$\$ &% \$ \$ ( )( \$ " ( ( % & \$ % ! \$ % \$ ! ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_31_Figure_17.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_32_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_32_Figure_3.jpeg) **Figure 8: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G 6- @ - 7 6@ - % ! ! =2 - .>53 - 7 6@ - '6 @ 4 =2 - L> (\$ ! % & # " % % % =/0CC > %\$ !! 66@ - 7 =2 - N>5 6 ( ! " % MB ( % % % =.% C> % \$%% ! % & # **Acknowledgements** \* \$ \$\$ 12/2 ! 3 !3"9 ! &-; \$ \$ ' ) 9 3 ! 8 ( ! \$ & \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . & \* \$ ! % &' % ! 3 5! % D 6 ,! # %- \$ ! :)!\$ % ) (! ! !:)&' )! & 8 - % !& -% ! \$ % ! & | Deaths from Injuries
Sri Lanka - 2003 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |------------------------------------------|-------------------------|---------------------------|---------|---------|---------|----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|---------|---------|-------------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Male | | | | | | | | | | | Intent | Broad category | Specific | < 1 | 1–4 | 5–9 | | | | | | 10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80-84 | | | | | | | | | 85+ | All Ages | | | | Pedestrian | 19 | 207 | 354 | 376 | 528 | 828 | 882 | 936 | 1032
983 | 1052 | 903 | 722 | 648 | 511 | 500 | 436 | 289 | 248 | 11455 | | | | Bicyclist | 2 | 8 | 37 | 94 | 174 | 158 | 184 | 154 | 194
151 | 207 | 158 | 143 | 108 | 101 | 70 | 36 | 27 | 8 | 2014 | | | | Two-wheeler rider | 0 | 8 | 13 | 46 | 1029 | 1980 | 1550 | 1051 | 632
833 | 399 | 266 | 128 | 90 | 53 | 28 | 16 | 7 | 13 | 8145 | | | | Three-wheeler occupant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 0
5 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | | | Road Injury | Car occupant | 26 | 72 | 94 | 144 | 625 | 1322 | 1111 | 1019 | 738
829 | 683 | 524 | 362 | 261 | 210 | 138 | 94 | 55 | 21 | 8328 | | | | Van occupant | 5 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 21 | 48 | 40 | 39 | 46
51 | 35 | 21 | 11 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 367 | | | | Truck occupant | 0 | 3 | 9 | 11 | 55 | 105 | 133 | 99 | 122
136 | 108 | 82 | 52 | 43 | 17 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 992 | | | | Bus occupant | 0 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 15 | 15 | 24 | 12 | 17
14 | 24 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 171 | | | | Other road injury | 2 | 14 | 18 | 24 | 40 | 47 | 72 | 66 | 82
88 | 43 | 75 | 47 | 56 | 35 | 28 | 22 | 7 | 5 | 771 | | | Rail | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 28 | 35 | 44 | 30 | 23
25 | 19 | 18 | 13 | 11 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 275 | | | Other transport | | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 17 | 19 | 9
11 | 16 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 108 | | | Falls | | 35 | 50 | 57 | 81 | 106 | 178 | 214 | 306 | 493
381 | 442 | 486 | 408 | 355 | 375 | 340 | 376 | 377 | 601 | 5657 | | Unintentional | Threats to breathing | Drowning | 21 | 358 | 309 | 495 | 950 | 777 | 588 | 531 | 438
514 | 366 | 287 | 185 | 161 | 113 | 83 | 54 | 26 | 14 | 6268 | | | | Other threats | 424 | 80 | 38 | 32 | 28 | 48 | 53 | 43 | 63
58 | 50 | 58 | 53 | 50 | 48 | 45 | 54 | 50 | 88 | 1363 | | | Fire | | 15 | 61 | 24 | 13 | 26 | 31 | 46 | 57 | 75
71 | 49 | 56 | 52 | 28 | 48 | 39 | 34 | 30 | 40 | 796 | | | | Firearm | 1 | 5 | 7 | 21 | 30 | 41 | 24 | 26 | 23
18 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 243 | | | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 13 | 10 | 6 | 8
6 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 84 | | | | Machinery | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 12 | 13 | 15
12 | 18 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 123 | | | | Gases | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0
0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 21 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 6
0 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 46 | | | | Other poisons | 3 | 12 | 0 | 7 | 19 | 20 | 19 | 26 | 8
24 | 16 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 187 | | | Adverse medical effects | | 14 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 9 | 12
25 | 37 | 38 | 36 | 64 | 67 | 85 | 87 | 66 | 75 | 666 | | | Animal contact | | 0 | 25 | 18 | 8 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 21
9 | 18 | 25 | 20 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 21 | 12 | 8 | 267 | | | Forces of nature | | 28
1 | 81
1 | 50
6 | 10
86 | 185
17 | 255
23 | 280
14 | 266
14 | 235
14
281
8 | 219
11 | 185
9 | 106
5 | 71
5 | 66
7 | 41
1 | 19
1 | 12
1 | 0 | 149 | | | Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 17 | 2483 | | | Falls | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 34 | 29 | 23 | 26
19 | 17 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 222 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats
Drowning | 0
0 | 0
0 | 0
0 | 47
2 | 288
6 | 568
15 | 518
9 | 456
13 | 509
7
476
7 | 424
10 | 349
4 | 299
8 | 221
5 | 175
4 | 146
7 | 109
1 | 72
0 | 42
4 | 4697
103 | | | Fire | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10
16 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 102 | | | | Firearm | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 95 | 162 | 152 | 128 | 110
125 | 85 | 86 | 68 | 74 | 36 | 38 | 26 | 31 | 23 | 1245 | | Self- inflicted | Mechanical forces | Sharp object | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 9 | 8 | 15 | 8
16 | 14 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 116 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2
1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 56 | 56 | 61 | 66
58 | 69 | 45 | 36 | 27 | 21 | 16 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 548 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 50 | 74 | 62 | 77
72 | 59 | 48 | 45 | 34 | 13 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 597 | | | Other | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 21 | 15 | 15 | 20
21 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 153 | | | Falls | | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2
2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | | | | Drowning | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 5
4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 50 | | | Threats to breathing | Other threats | 9 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 54 | 64 | 65 | 54 | 52
56 | 28 | 20 | 23 | 15 | 13 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 501 | | | Fire | | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 17 | 19 | 12 | 7
17 | 16 | 18 | 0 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 145 | | Inter-personal | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 6 | 28 | 38 | 345 | 6379 | 8697 | 6600 | 4239 | 2108
2958 | 1451 | 1002 | 612 | 374 | 229 | 132 | 87 | 25 | 11 | 35319 | | | | Sharp object | 1 | 6 | 12 | 51 | 851 | 1401 | 1224 | 947 | 610
863 | 469 | 320 | 228 | 139 | 114 | 55 | 49 | 38 | 23 | 7401 | | | | Gases | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | | Poisoning | Pesticides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | | | | Other drugs | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0
3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | | | Other | | 36 | 17 | 9 | 28 | 288 | 475 | 525 | 452 | 414
426 | 317 | 225 | 201 | 120 | 116 | 74 | 66 | 40 | 20 | 3852 | | Collective violence | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Legal intervention | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mechanical forces | Firearm | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 167 | 205 | 99 | 38 | 8
22 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 565 | Source: Estimates based on analysis of death registration data | 468
253
819
308
120
275
132
270
358
177
351
154
208
146
849
206
785
187
569
32
91
35
56
21
14
71
35
4
1
5
0
85+ All Ages
2870
3619
2389
1059
2357
1061
256
956
101
128
897
441
837
384
128
905
105
145
301
476
284
550
82
47
32
13
32
15
11
83
91
28
51
29
53
21
42
10
4
3
7
9
2
2
1
2
0
0
1118
163
171
74
32
49
17
12
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
7
0
0
0
0
4
3
0
6
2
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
2
0
3
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
10–14 15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65–69 70–74 75–79 80-84
127
490
27
64
18
99
10
12
10
23
2
0
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
5
7
3
1
1
0
0
5
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
232
373
113
66
12
66
29
15
10
21
2
3
0
0
0
7
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
3
0
3
4
1
6
1
3
0
1
3
0
0
8
2
9
8
0
0
4
0
0
0
263
247
68
17
38
36
75
10
22
12
11
13
14
23
6
0
4
4
0
0
0
2
0
0
8
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
3
5
0
3
3
2
244
144
82
36
14
28
13
23
81
33
23
23
1
1
0
1
1
3
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
8
1
6
1
3
5
1
0
7
7
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
216
102
11
85
25
26
16
72
12
40
19
35
25
21
9
0
0
3
5
2
0
0
0
0
4
3
5
4
0
7
4
0
0
7
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
193
118
17
60
25
23
42
23
54
14
23
39
22
26
21
11
6
0
6
3
3
2
3
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
5
2
8
3
6
6
2
0
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
210
137
24
24
16
14
49
31
25
27
37
91
12
40
13
81
42
17
0
9
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
5
2
9
4
6
4
0
8
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
166
262
145
27
13
11
43
36
15
17
37
17
86
14
21
37
15
69
42
9
0
3
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
6
0
7
6
7
3
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
234
168
181
70
44
18
20
24
17
82
12
17
37
46
17
88
48
21
51
11
0
4
9
4
3
3
0
3
1
2
0
3
8
3
4
2
2
1
4
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
195
202
234
136
21
60
17
38
45
22
21
23
13
86
15
16
36
52
17
46
0
6
9
6
0
1
7
2
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
8
4
0
4
0
1
8
0
0
2
0
0
0
173
108
197
299
138
19
13
57
13
19
13
18
16
97
12
17
34
44
27
48
6
6
4
0
7
7
7
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
3
1
2
0
0
0
5
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
238
147
254
357
178
28
16
54
16
16
28
18
13
13
92
10
31
45
22
59
0
4
9
3
3
0
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
7
3
1
0
1
0
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
217
233
302
419
147
38
19
18
13
22
59
11
31
12
81
22
38
60
10
48
31
0
2
2
7
2
0
0
0
0
5
8
2
2
4
4
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
212
204
256
105
367
30
12
10
26
13
82
16
44
62
35
95
33
2
9
6
5
3
1
9
3
9
9
1
0
1
1
4
3
2
5
6
0
1
8
0
2
4
0
1
0
0
2
0
180
184
27
26
84
21
14
20
32
11
10
22
88
38
17
0
6
8
3
1
1
0
8
1
0
0
0
0
1
4
6
2
2
0
1
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
5–9
206
126
20
72
25
20
32
28
10
25
0
4
6
4
2
8
9
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1–4
130
192
47
43
64
43
14
49
10
29
11
11
6
9
0
4
3
0
6
0
1
2
0
1
4
3
5
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
6
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
282
< 1
14
30
31
14
26
21
26
2
2
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
Three-wheeler occupant
Two-wheeler rider
Other road injury
Truck occupant
Van occupant
Other poisons
Car occupant
Bus occupant
Other threats
Other threats
Other threats
Sharp object
Sharp object
Sharp object
Other drugs
Other drugs
Pedestrian
Machinery
Pesticides
Pesticides
Pesticides
Specific
Drowning
Drowning
Drowning
Bicyclist
Firearm
Firearm
Firearm
Firearm
Gases
Gases
Gases
Adverse medical effects
Threats to breathing
Threats to breathing
Threats to breathing
Broad category
Mechanical forces
Mechanical forces
Mechanical forces
Mechanical forces
Forces of nature
Other transport
Animal contact
Road Injury
Poisoning
Poisoning
Poisoning
Other
Other
Other
Other
Falls
Falls
Falls
Rail
Fire
Fire
Fire
Collective violence
Legal intervention
Inter-personal
Unintentional
Self- inflicted
Intent | | | | | | | Female | | | | | Total Both | |----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--|--|--|--|--|--|--------|--|--|--|--|------------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Sexes | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 15074 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2270 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9100 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10717 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1120 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8527 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 7327 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2260 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1237 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1503 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2866 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5602 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1389 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1073 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 37676 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8462 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4402 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_35_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_36_Picture_0.jpeg) **Incidence of road injuries in Uruguay** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_37_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_38_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in Uruguay compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54== 5=(2.5<48.9?989<=54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75; **TABLE 1: Leading causes of injury deaths** 3" ( % ! 6 6 (K)) .A 66 ,%122C&' \$ ( ! \$ " % ! ,%& # " % ! " ,% + ! ! =\* />& 3 122C " ! ! ! " ,%& # **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ 6@ - - 6@ 7 &.% \$! % \$ ( ! 4 =Q 5-66 7 5->5 & 664 - 7 **Table 2: Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 6 @ 7 5 ' ! % = !% ! % + 12A > % & ## ==5795?5 9?6<4>7;575' G 'F & 6 7 66@' 7 % ( 66@' 7 - 5 66 4 \$\$ ! ! \$ 7 4 - ' I -5 & ,( 66@' 7 %&\* \$ ! 6 66@' 7 - 5 \* ! \$ !! " 52 -@7 Q ( % 7 Q 6 7 Q 6' H 7 Q ' 65& !! " &< 664 - 66@' 7 - !! " 7 - O % @' 7 5 5 - O % @' 7 - O / 7 @ - O / 7 6 @ - O / 7 ' - O / 7 ' 7 5 \* !! ! \$ ! .% 1& \* % JBJ 7 5 I ! (\* 1 ! " ( " \$ 7 66 5& 6 !/22 & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_41_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths** 5578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B 9?85=8;4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( ,% =L5-A> -@ !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % ,% \$ &3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & # **Comparison of our estimates with other sources** < ! " ,% 6 ,))K+E 66! # \$# ! ( \$ \$ =.% J>& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_41_Figure_8.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475? 5. 7> ## **Road deaths by age and sex** % =.% C>& E #- =L.A> 66 @ 4 ! =00A> ( 12 & =.% C>% % % ( & % ! % %\$ % !! % & % ! % = % - ()'(- @ (6'(K @ >5 (% % % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_41_Figure_12.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_42_Figure_1.jpeg) % %\$ \$ ! \$ 1 \$ ! = % %% \$ ! > \$ \$ &' => /2! ! '& # **Non-fatal injuries by age, sex, and residence** < ! 1221122J'%% CJ 222\$ \$ ,% ! 66@5& (5#A"K6A4Q(5) /&MAG! \$\$ & % " % % % ! ! 66@ - 7 6@=2 - 6>5 ( % !! " ( !! 66@ - 7 =2 - .>5% @ % %% =/0CC >% 6 6@ 66@ - 7 =2 - L>5 6 4 6 ! " % MB ( ! % %\$ % =.% C> % \$%% ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_43_Figure_4.jpeg) **Figure 5: Incidence of road injuries in urban and rural areas 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_43_Figure_6.jpeg) **Figure 6: Incidence of road injuries among men and women 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_43_Figure_8.jpeg) **Figure 7: Incidence of road injuries among different age groups 95% CI are shown.** = 5 )55)&)55\* 3 = G # **Acknowledgements** \* \$( \$ \$!\$" ! ' )- # ! . & \* \$ ! % & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_47_Picture_0.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_48_Picture_0.jpeg) **Incidence of road injuries in the United States** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_49_Picture_1.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_50_Figure_0.jpeg) **FIGURE 1: Road injury deaths rates in USA compared with the 17 other countries analyzed in this project and with Sweden, UK, and the Netherlands.** /;79A7;4 547>4- 54==5=(2 .5<48.9?989<= 54B547; 547;5<4 ?A75;22 .? 489? <;;5 9?6<4>7;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 3" ( % ! 6 6 (L.-). LA 66 , 122B& # " % !" , + ! ! =\* />&3122B " ! !! " , & # **How did we compute these estimates?** < % % ! % ! " \$ %% ! ( ! \$ % \$ ! 6 5 & 766 - - - @ - 7 -\$\$ ! ) \$\$ \$\$\$ **Table 2: Distribution of deaths coded to partially-specified causes in the death registration data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roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_53_Figure_8.jpeg) **Figure 2: Effect of redistribution on estimates of road injury deaths.** 5578 9;749<795?;7B49;?57;5:?<;79;;7B9?85=8; 4==5795?5 7;5AB=7=>:979?459?6<49;2 .5<48 74 9;74795?7 # 6<;7A?7;778?57BB=9>7 \*() " ) ! " \$\$ &. ( 66 7 39" \$ &\* ! % %%&( , 6@ 66 =)5LA> 66 % !! " +\$ & ( " ! \$ % ! \$ !% % % \$ &( \$ \$ ! \$ % ( \$ ,; \$ %% % , \$ &3 ! " ( &\* \$ ) ! " & # 5AB49;5?5 5<4;79A7;:97574;5<4; .% J ( ! " , \$ ( ! ;\* 2 %! ,))K+E66! # \$ # ! =-#> ! 122M& < ! " ) ;\*.# % \$\$+ /2A& ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_54_Figure_0.jpeg) **Figure 3: Our estimates of road injury deaths from death registration data compared with those reported by other sources.** .5<4;8 \$49:+..8 6 \$49 +=5=.77<;B5475?5 . 7>> 38\$54= 5 .779;79;: ## **Road deaths by age and sex** % =.% C>& E ,# =.KA> 66 @ 4 =L)A>4 6 6 ,) & =.% C>% ( %( &% % ! % %\$ % !! % /B & % ! % = % - ()'(-@ (6'(K@ >5 \* % %\$ ! 121C ( % ! %%% MB & % +\$ ( & . \$ % !! 6 - I 7 - (% ))% & - 6@ H ! +\$ \$ ! &' +\$ 7 6 4 - - 6 " =& & ) ! ! > % % (% & ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_54_Figure_6.jpeg) **Figure 4a: Road injury deaths in age-sex groups.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_54_Figure_9.jpeg) **Figure 4b: Road injury death rates in age-sex groups.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ## **Road deaths by type of road-user** ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_54_Figure_13.jpeg) **Figure 5: Road injury deaths broken down by road user type.** .5<48 74 9;74795?7 ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_55_Figure_4.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_55_Figure_9.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_56_Figure_4.jpeg) ![](roadsafetyinjuries18countriesharvardreport_images/part_002_page_56_Figure_6.jpeg)